算术差

In Chapter 2, one kind of rational cubic spline interpolation with linear denominator has been proposed, whose derivatives are replaced with accurate derivative values, difference quotient and arithmetic average difference quotientrespectively.

第二章给出了一类分母为线性的有理三次插值函数，当其导数值分别取为导数的精确值，一阶差商，以及算术均差商时，便得到三种插值格式，分别为给定导数值的有理三次插值函数，基于函数值的有理三次插值函数，以及基于算数均差商的有理三次插值函数。

In order to achieve the aim of this study, a survey was conducted via a self-designed questionnaire of 403 novice teachers who had no more than three years of teaching experience in 28 junior high schools in Hsinchu County. Adopting SPSS to analyze the data thus collected, this study performed such statistical analyses as arithmetic mean, standard difference, t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Pearson's correlation etc to verify hypotheses.

为达研究目的，本研究采用问卷调查法，研究对象为新竹县境内二十入所公立国民中学，任教年资在三年以下之新手教师，共403名，并使用研究者自编之「国中新手教师工作经验感受问卷调查表」为调查工具，将所得资料运用社会科学统计套装软体进行算术平均数、标准差、t考验、单因子变异数分析、皮尔逊积差相关等统计分析以验证假设。

This paper used the ratio of arithmetic to geometric mean to replace the coefficient of variation and applied into the enhanced adaptive filters. It proposed the novel class of adaptive filters, which were based on the ratio of arithmetic to geometric mean and were designed for speckle.

为此，将算术—几何均值比引入增强型的Lee和Frost等滤波器中，并取代变差系数在这些滤波器中的作用，推导得出一类新的基于算术—几何均值比的自适应斑点噪声滤波器。

There are some traditional methods for the financial risk measurement such as the simple arithmetic method, Mean—Square method and the VaR method, etc, which was pulled out and developed ten years ago.

传统的对于金融风险的度量方法已有很多，主要包括简单算术法、均值—方差分析方法和最近十年来发展起来的VaR方法。

Netting on a multilateral basis is arithmetically achieved by summing each participant's bilateral net positions with the other participants to arrive at a multilateral net position.

多边的轧差在算术上是通过计算每个参与者与其他参与者之间的双边轧差余额而得到一个多边轧差余额。

On the aspect of error compensation, the system using the geometric average sound pressure instead of the arithmetic average sound pressure to get the sound pressure of the measurement point. This method not only reduces the high frequency error in the sound intensity measurement, which compensates the finite difference approximation error, but also greatly reduces the computation of the sound pressure spectrum.

误差补偿方面，课题采用几何平均声压代替通常的算术平均声压来计算双传声器法的声场声压值，这样不仅可以有效的减少声强测量中的高频误差，对有限差分误差起到了补偿作用，而且还大大减小了声压谱计算中的计算量。

The main results are as follows:We review the existing Monte Carlo control variates estimators of the price of Asian options and propose a new one. According to pratical needs, we define efficiency as the inverse of the product of the variance of an estimator and its computational time and make it a standard for comparisons to draw the following conclusions: Firstly, the more control variates correlate with arithmetic average Asian options, the larger is the efficiency of an estimator with these control variates, but among which the geometric average option plays the most important role; Secondly, an estimator with more control variates is better than one with less ones only when the time to maturity is long and the volatility is high.

在综合已有研究工作的基础上，本论文的主要创新成果如下：（1）我们回顾了已有的亚洲期权价格的蒙特卡罗控制变量估计，并提出了一个新的控制变量估计，且从客观实际出发，将估计值的方差和计算时间的乘积的倒数定义为效率并以它为标准比较各估计，得到以下结论：与算术平均亚洲期权相关程度越大的控制变量构成的估计的效率越大，而其中起主要作用的控制变量为几何平均亚洲期权的价格；只有在到期时间较长且标的资产的波动率较大时，元素多的多元控制变量估计比元素少的效率大。

To price the continuously sampled arithmetic average Asian option, an implicit upwind difference scheme is constructed based on the final boundary value problem of partial differential equation, which is satifiable to the option pricing problem. Then the unique existence and unconditional stability of the difference solution are demonstrated and the error estimate is given under the discrete L2 norm.

研究连续取样的算术平均亚式期权定价问题的差分方法，根据问题所满足的偏微分方程终边值问题，构造出一种隐式的迎风差分格式，论证了差分解的惟一存在性和绝对稳定性，并给出差分解在离散L2范数下的误差估计。

Acquired conclusion was that the sample mean value submitted to normal distribution, and the sample variance was composed of a number of linear sum of random variable submitted to Chi-Squared distr.

得出的结论是：样本均值服从正态分布，样本方差由若干个服从卡方分布的随机变量的线性之和组成；样本均值的期望等于各管落点期望的算术平均值，方差为各管方差的算术平均值；样本方差是各管落点总体平均方差的无偏估计，方差与各管落点散布的差异相关；样本均值与方差相互独立的充要条件是：各管落点属于独立同分布样本。

In this dissertation, we analyzed the residual images of MSI, stored the residual images as 1-D data in spectral direction in order to enhance the correlation between neighbor data, and coded them by context-based arithmetic coding.

本文通过分析多光谱图象的残差图象的特点，将其残差图象按谱维方向重新排列成一维数据，增强相邻数据之间的相关性，建立上下文模型，再进行算术编码。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。