算术上的

Main work follows:(1) In the first part of this paper, a historical development of the number theory before Gauss is reviewed.Based on the systematic analysis of Gauss"s work in science and mathematics, inquiry into the mathematical background that Disquisitiones Arithmeticae appeals and Gauss"s congruent theory;(2) The development process of Fermat"s little theorem and its important function in the compositeness test is elaborated through original literature.we think that the first three section of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a summary and development for ancestors" work about Fermat"s little theorem,show that Fermat"s little theorem played an important role in the elementary number theory;(3) With the two main sources of the quadratic reciprocity law, investigating Fermat,Euler,Lagrange,Legendre, until the related work of Gauss,the way to realize the laws huge push to the development of algebraic number theory in 19 centuries.

本文主要做了以下工作：(1)首先回顾了高斯之前的数论研究状况，在系统分析高斯的科学与数学成就的基础上，探讨了《算术研究》出现的数学背景和高斯的同余理论；(2)通过对原始文献的系统解读，深入分析了费马小定理发现发展的历程以及在素性检验中的重要作用，指出《算术研究》前三节是高斯在总结并发展了前人对该定理研究的基础上形成的，并揭示了费马小定理在初等数论定理证明中的核心地位；(3)以二次互反律的两个主要来源为线索，详细考察了费马，欧拉，拉格朗目，勒让德，直到高斯的相关工作，揭示了该定律对十九世纪数论发展的巨大推动作用。

The definition and properties of line segment arithmetic are given,which is a special situation of point set arithmetic,but easily calculated.

文章给出了线段算术的定义和性质，它是点集算术的特殊情况，但更便于计算；提出了线段Bézier曲线的概念，就是把区间Bézier曲线中的长方形换成满足一定条件的线段，这里的线段是指该线段上所有点的集合；给出了线段Bézier曲线的性质及其细分算法。

Since the transmitted data from each antenna is first pre-processed and then arithmetically added onto the training sequences, thus the influence of the unknown data to the channel estimation existed in normal implicit method can be cancelled.

由于每根天线的发射数据经过预处理后再算术叠加到训练序列上，从而消除了传统隐含估计方法中未知数据对信道估计性能的影响。

Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetics he is the best in the class.

Joe 在体育方面不算好，但要讲到算术的话；他是班上最好的。

In the geometry of matrices, the points of the associated space are a certain kind of matrices, there is an arithmetic distance of two points in this space, and there is a transformation group acting on this space. Two distinct points is said to be adjacent if their arithmetic distance is one or minimal.

在矩阵几何中，空间中的点是某一类矩阵，两点间存在一种算术距离，还有一个变换群作用在这个空间上，两个不同的点间的算术距离为1或最小时称这两点是粘切的。

One or more digits,produced in connection with an arithmetic operation on one digit place of two or more numeral s in positional notation,that are forwarded to another digit place for processing there.

以按位记数法表示的两个或多个数在一个数字位上进行算术运算所产生的一位或多位数，该数被传送到另一个位上以进行处理。

One or more digit s,produced in connection with an arithmetic operation on one digit place of two or more numerals in positional notation,that are forwarded to another digit place for processing there.

以按位记数法表示的两个或多个数在一个数字位上进行算术运算所产生的一位或多位数，该数被传送到另一个位上以进行处理。

At first, the principle of algebraic quadratic congruence mapping is analysed, and then limitation of odd-even protection and shift computation are added to the mapping of interleaver.

首先分析算术二次同余映射的原理，然后在此基础上对交织器的映射关系加以保奇偶序限制和移位运算，从而得到两个改进型的算术映射交织算法。

And arithmetic traps such as overflow, underflow, and divide by zero.

指令'。''和诸如上溢出、下溢出与除0等的算术运算陷井。

Privileged'.''''.'instruction'.'' and arithmetic traps such as overflow, underflow, and divide by zero.

特权'。''''。'指令'。''和诸如上溢出、下溢出与除0等的算术运算陷井。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。