简称

In a database the concept of an example might change along with time which is known as concept drift When the concept drift the classification model built by use of old data is unsuitable for classify new data Therefore concept drift has become a hot issue in data mining in recent years Although many algorithms had been proposed to resolve this problem they can not provide users with the reason of concept drift However a user might be very interested in such rules For example doctors want to find what makes disease change; researchers want to know the reason of the variety of the weather; and decision makers would like to understand why a customer's shopping habit change In this thesis we propose a Concept Drift Rule mining Tree called CDR-Tree to solve this problem CDR-Tree can not only find the rule of concept drift also build the prediction model for both old and new data at the same time

无论在大型资料库或现实生活中，同一资料样本的概念有可能会随著时间的递移而改变，也就是产生所谓的概念漂移。当样本发生概念漂移时，由旧有资料所建构的分类模组将不再适用於预测新获得的资料，因此，近年来概念漂移已成为资料探勘中一项热门的研究议题。虽然已有？多学者提出不同的技术来解决概念漂移的问题，但是这些方法都是利用修正或重建的方式来产生适合新资料的预测模组，并无法提供造成概念漂移的原因。然而对使用者而言，其感兴趣的可能正是这些引起概念漂移的规则，如医生可能想了解引起疾病变化的主因、学者会想要知道气候转变的规则、或是决策者想找出顾客购物习惯改变的因素等。因此，本论文提出概念漂移规则探勘树( Concept Drift Rule mining Tree )，简称CDR-Tree，来解决这个问题。CDR-Tree不但能探测出造成概念漂移的主要原因，亦能同时建立新旧资料的预测模组以供决策者运用使用。

Or duck-billed dinosaur, according to researchers from the Utah Museum of Natural History at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.

盐湖城，犹他州大学的犹他州自然史博物馆的研究人员提出简称鸭嘴恐龙。

The method of moving asymptotes with trust region technique is a kind of new optimization method which is proposed especially for solving structure optimization problems in engineering.

移动渐近线(moving asymptotes，以下简称MA)模型信赖域方法，是一类最新提出的优化方法，主要用于解工程上经常出现的结构优化问题。

Humen, Dongguan City Hoi Ming Electronics Factory is a Taiwan-funded enterprises, specializing in the production of light-emitting diodes referred to as LED manufacturers, with the first home near the LED production equipment (such as the LED wire bonders, automatic color spectrophotometry, etc.), experience a wealth of engineering development and production of King dedicated staff level.

东莞市虎门海铭电子厂，是一家台资企业，专业生产发光二极管简称LED的厂家，拥有国内外最先近的LED生产设备(如LED焊线机，全自动分光分色机等)，经验丰富的工程开发人员及敬职敬业的生产员工。

The chemistry of CAPAs was almostunexplored since it was proposed in a prebiotic reaction of inorganic polyphosphates with amino acids.

氨基酸-磷酰胺内酸酐(Cyclic acylphosphoramidates，简称CAPAs)是一种集磷酸-羧酸混酐和磷酰胺两个官能团于一身的磷酸活化的氨基酸。

Cyclic acylphosphoramidates (2-hydroxy-2-oxy-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine-5-ones,CAPAs) are phosphate activated amino acids possessing both a carboxyl-phosphorylanhydride and a phosphoramidate bond in a ring.

氨基酸-磷酰胺内酸酐(Cyclic acylphosphoramidates，简称CAPAs)是一种集磷酸-羧酸混酐和磷酰胺两个官能团于一身的磷酸活化的氨基酸。

Cyclic acylphosphoramidates (2-hydroxy-2-oxy-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine-5-ones,CAPAs) are phosphate activated amino acids possessing both a carboxyl-phosphorylanhydride and a phosphoramidate bond in a ring.

为了理解P-N键在生命起源化学和生物化学中的可能作用，本论文系统地研究了模型化合物N-磷酸化氨基酸(N-phosphono-amino acids，简称NPAAs)的化学性质。

1917 Cheka Bolshevik secret police. The acronym of the Russian words for Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Sabotage and Speculation. Superseded by Ogpu, NKVD, and the KGB.

布尔什维克秘密警察组织，是俄语&肃清反革命及破坏、投机活动特设委员会&的简称，年来代替它的是苏联国家政治保卫局、苏联人民内务部和苏联国家安全委员会等机构。

This entire system of erectile tissue might correctly be called clitoral system or clitoris for short.

这个勃起组织的整个系统可以成为阴蒂系统或简称为阴蒂。

Márcio Garcia, an economics professor at the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, says that not since the hyperinflation of the 1980s was tamed briefly by the 1986 Cruzado plan (which froze wages and prices, among other measures) can he recall such an upbeat mood in Corporate Brazil.

巴西里约热内卢天主教大学（Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro，简称PUC-Rio）的经济学教授马西奥·加西亚（Márcio Garcia）谈到，就自己的回忆，自20世纪80年代的恶性通货膨胀被1986年的&克鲁扎多计划&短暂驯服之后，在巴西企业界，一直都没出现过如此积极乐观的情绪。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。