简化法

The mathematical model was simplified with the method of averaging ,and the closed-loop nonlinear feedback control scheme was presented.

用平均法对欠驱动机械臂的拉格朗日动力学模型进行了简化，并基于简化后的模型给出了闭环非线性反馈控制律。

Tridiagonal block matrix elemination and sweep algorithm is successfully applied to solve the large matrix involved; central difference method is supplemented to Houbolt method to form a time integration method with estimation and correction, to solve the time integration of second order implicit non-linear equation; simplification of system equation by decoupling between the physical coordinates x and y further improves the calculation accuracy and speed.

其中：成功地引入块三对角矩阵追赶法求解上述问题构成的大型矩阵；提出中心差分法+Houbolt法的预估计—校正时间积分法，以解决二阶隐式非线性方程的时间积分问题；系统方程在物理坐标x和y上的"解耦"简化，使计算速度和计算精度得以进一步的提高。

SLNs of 48 patients with early-staging breast cancer were detected by methylene blue staining SLNB with intraoperative frozen section combined with rapid immunohistochemical staining by EPOS. 28 patients were found negative, and were randomized to receive simplified ALND(n=15, experiment group) or standard ALND(n=13, control group).

30例早期乳腺癌行美蓝染色SLNB术中行SLN冰冻切片联合EPOS法快速免疫组化检查，其中阴性者28例分成两组，15例行简化的ALND(仅清扫胸小肌外侧组淋巴结，简化组)，13例行标准ALND。

And aimed to the changes of conformance between the normal vector and compensated direction, we put forward a method named fixed normal vector based on the process of on-the-spot survey.

然后，针对补偿公式中法矢与外法矢一致性存在变化的情况，根据三坐标测量机的实际测量过程，提出了一种"法矢固定法"，简化了补偿公式。

Both silhouette preserving and shading preserving criteria are satisfied by applying a new error metric-constrained normal cone to view-independent simplification.

算法为地表的简化提出一种新的基于受限法向锥的误差计算方法，使得模型简化具有轮廓保持和光照保持特性。

This article analyses the application conditions of freezing method, current research status and the problems in this field. It points that it's necessary to study deep freezing temperature field deeply and discusses the factors which influence the freezing wall such as soil's nature, moisture content, geological conditions, etc. It introduces the theory, process of freezing method, the distribution of temperature field of freezing method and key thermotics parameters influencing freezing temperature field. It simplifies the deep freezing temperature field model. Through ANSYS, this article founds the deep freezing temperature field model, and simulates the field on vary heat conductivities. It analyzes the results of ANSYS simulation, gains the theoretical value of thermometric holes which is needed by back-analysis. Using the simulation temperature and actual value, it gets the equivalent heat conductivity. Then it solves the deep freezing temperature field by the equivalent value, simulates the freezing wall development process and temperature change curve. Against the actual project, the results are favorable.

文中分析了冻结法施工的应用条件，目前对冻结法施工的研究现状和在此领域内存在的问题，指出了对深土冻结温度场进行深入研究分析的必要性；对影响冻结壁形成发展的因素如冻土土性、含水量、地质条件及施工方法等因素进行了论述；对冻结法施工的原理、过程，冻结法温度场的分布情况，影响冻结温度场分布的主要热学参数进行了综述；对深土冻土温度场模型进行了合理的简化，通过ANSYS大型有限元分析软件，建立了深土冻结温度场的模型，对不同导热系数情况下的深土冻结温度场进行了模拟；对ANSYS的模拟结果进行了定性的分析，通过对ANSYS结果的后处理取得了反分析时需要用到的测温孔理论温度值；经过对测温孔模拟温度值和实测温度值的分析，得到了冻结温度场的等效导热系数；使用等效导热系数对深土冻结温度场进行了求解，模拟了冻结壁发展情况和温度场中的温度变化曲线，用所得结果对比工程实际情况，取得了较好的效果。

This article analyses the application conditions of freezing method, current research status and the problems in thisiold. It, points that it" s necessary to study deep freezing temperature field deeply and discusses the factors which influence the freezing wall such as soil" s nature, moisture content, geological conditions, etc. It introduces the theory, process of freezing method, the distribution of temperature field of freezing method and key thermotics parameters influencing freezing temperature field, it simplifies the deep freezing temperature field model. Through ANSYS, this article founds the deep freezing temperature field model, and simulates the field on vary heat conductivities. It analyzes the results of ANSYS simulation, gains the theoretical value of thermometric holes which is needed by back analysis. Using the simulation temperature and actual value, it gets the equivalent heat conductivity. Then it solves the deep freezing temperature field by the equivalent value, simulates the freezing wall development process and temperature change curve. Against the actual project, the results are favorable.

文中分析了冻结法施工的应用条件，目前对冻结法施工的研究现状和在此领域内存在的问题，指出了对深土冻结温度场进行深入研究分析的必要性；对影响冻结壁形成发展的因素如冻土土性、含水量、地质条件及施工方法等因素进行了论述；对冻结法施工的原理、过程，冻结法温度场的分布情况，影响冻结温度场分布的主要热学参数进行了综述；对深土冻土温度场模型进行了合理的简化，通过ANSYS大型有限元分析软件，建立了深土冻结温度场的模型，对不同导热系数情况下的深土冻结温度场进行了模拟；对ANSYS的模拟结果进行了定性的分析，通过对ANSYS结果的后处理取得了反分析时需要用到的测温孔理论温度值；经过对测温孔模拟温度值和实测温度值的分析，得到了冻结温度场的等效导热系数；使用等效导热系数对深土冻结温度场进行了求解，模拟了冻结壁发展情况和温度场中的温度变化曲线，用所得结果对比工程实际情况，取得了较好的效果。

Through the analysis of the flowing character of metal injection molding, a set ofessential equations describing the flowing process of metal ring injection molding areestablished on the bases of the general principles of hydrodynamics and calorifics.

通过对金属粉末注射成形流动过程规律的分析，从流体力学和传热学的基本原理出发，建立了一组描述圆筒形金属粉末注射成形流动过程的基本微分方程，经过假设与简化，得到一组简化的控制方程，采用有限差分法求解了这组微分方程，得到温度场。

In this paper, several traditional models for computing are introduced at first. Conferring probability theory, the load boundary condition of that collector is analyzed, the characteristic values of Tubesheet in different design reference periods are computed. Based on homogenization method, after lots of numerical experiments, the mechanical characteristic of Tubesheet controlled different structure parameters is studied, and an empiristic formulas that could simplify Tubesheet to stiffen plate is gained. Then, G-M method is employed and Tubesheet is simplified to a normal plate.

本文在总结传统计算方法的基础上，参考概率设计方法，分析了大型袋式除尘器的荷载边界条件，计算了不同设计基准期下的花板可变荷载标准值，结合均匀化方法，通过大量数值实验，得出了不同参数对花板受力性能的影响规律，并拟合了将花板简化为加劲板的经验公式，再参考正交异性板法，最终推导了花板简化为均匀平板的经验公式。

In order to find out a simple and efficient method to calculate the water breakthrough time in combination well pattern of horizontal and vertical wells, simplifing a horizontal well into a vertical well with the same well-hole radius, and considering the unpiston-like displacement, the water breakthrough time formulas of five-spot, seven-spot and nine-spot pattern were derived and revised by equivalent percolating resistance method. In this method, the percolation region is divided into three resistance regions.

为了寻求一种简单、有效的计算水平注水井与直井联合井网的见水时间的方法，将水平井简化为具有等效井筒半径的直井，考虑水平井与直井联合布井水驱油的非活塞性，运用等值渗流阻力法将渗流区划分为3个阻力区，推导出了五点法、七点法和九点法水平井与直井联合井网的油井见水时间的计算公式和修正公式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。