简化法

The paper exploited the grillage analogy method, and the results are close to the results of the finite element method.

本文通过分析，对于这种结构，采用梁格法进行设计，比简化计算方法更接近空间有限元分析结果，可供设计参考。

The design methods of the transverse prestressed reinforcement was compared including grillage analogy, simple simulation method and the finite element method.

并对横向预应力筋设计方法进行探讨，以梁格法为手段，与简化计算方法和空间分析方法进行比较。

The equations for the helicoid and cross section of a ballscrew are worked out and a numerical integral method for the computation of the moment of inertia of the cross section is proposed.

建立了滚珠丝杠的螺旋面方程及横截面方程，提出一种精确计算滚珠丝杠横截面惯性矩的数值积分法，计算结果表明，传统的简化方法将造成20％以上的计算误差。

Consulted the hydrostat discount rate method used in the tunnel lining designation to determine the external water pressure, the slope stability factor algorithm simplified osmotic pressure in aeration zone to hydrostatic pressure after discount on the basis of investigation was suggested for the first time.

以现场调查为基础，参照水工隧洞设计中考虑外水压力的水力折减系数法，首次提出了将包气带渗透力概化为经水力折减后的面力的简化算法。

Not considering the restriction of the depot s transporting ability in the existing achievement of emergency dispatch, consequently, this chapter establishes a sole-resource optimized dispatch model aimed at "the shortest dispatch time" which includes the constraint of transporting ability under time restriction firstly. Moreover, the chapter deduces the algorithm of the model by mathematical induction step by step. Secondl y, it simplifies the former model and gives a simpler sole-objective model and corresponding algorithm including the constraint of transporting ability. At last, on the basis of the improved model, this chapter discusses a two-phase programming model and a multi-objective programming model which are aimed at "the shortest dispatch time" and "the fewest number of mobilized depots" including the constraint of transporting ability under time restriction.

由于现有应急调运的研究成果中没有考虑到各物资供应点受运输能力的约束，因此本章首先建立限制期内以"应急调运时间最短"为目标且含有运输能力约束的单物资调运优化模型：并利用逐步递推法推导出具体的求解算法；然后，进一步地将此模型及算法进行简化，建立更加简单的含有运输能力约束的单目标优化模型：并且讨论其算法；最后，在改进的优化模型的基础上，讨论限制期内含有运输能力约束且以"调运时间最短"、"出动的供应点数目最少"为目标的双层规划及多目标规划的优化模型及解法。

In this paper, the direct spectroscopic kappa number testing method developed previously is simplified and improved.

摘 要：对卡伯值分光光度直接测定法进行了改进和简化。

So far, the soils limit analysis result in engineering practice is often obtained by taking experimental or semi-experimental measures, and it is very difficult to estimate the departure with the actual conditions. But by using KEM, the precision of soils limit analysis can be enhanced.

目前对此类实际工程问题大多是作大量的简化得到经验、半经验的结果，与实际情况之间的计算误差难以估计，而KEM（运动单元法，Kinematical ElementsMethod）则可以从根本上提高分析结果的精度。

Volterra kernel functions were expanded on an orthogonal discrete Laguerre function set to produce a reduced system model with fewer parameters.

讨论了Volterra核的Laguerre展开法，通过将Volterra核函数在一个正交的Laguerre函数集上展开，得到一个简化的系统模型，使得待辨识的参数显著减少。

The heat generation curves of seven rubber materials used in tires with the changes of temperature have been obtained by using Dynamic Mechanics Analysis technique on NETZSCH DMA242 instrument, knowing that the heat generation of every other rubber materials except inner liner rubber changes lightly alone with the temperature within 10℃～80℃. According to the Fourier law, the heat transfer coefficients of tire rubber are measured by stable method on self-made experiment instrument. The coefficients changes lineally within 20℃～80℃ and the relation formulas λ=λ〓+bt are given out attached with λ〓 and b. The specific heat of tire rubber are measured on Differential Scanning Calorimeter NETZSCH DSC204 and the relations with temperature are linear and the formula is c=c〓+bT, where c〓 and b gained from experiment result data are presented in the paper. The heat convection coefficients on the surface of rolling tire are measured according to the principle of heat-mass transfer analogy principle after simplifying rolling tire into rotating disk with straight movement on wind channel. The relation with rotation speed of disk is linear as h=5. 399+0.0258n and the relation with straight line speed of tire is linear too, h=

论文采用动态力学分析技术，使用NETZSCH DMA 242型实验仪，获得了轮胎用七种胶料的生热率随温度变化曲线，确知除内衬层胶以外，其它各种胶料在一般胎温范围内（10℃～80℃）的生热率随温度变化不大；轮胎胶料的导热系数根据傅立叶定律的基本原理，采用稳态法在自行搭建的实验台上进行测试，结果表明，材料的导热系数在20℃～80℃的温度范围内随温度呈线性变化，论文给出了各种材料导热系数的线性变化的关系式λ=λ〓+bt及其λ〓和b的值；轮胎胶料的比热运用差式扫描量热原理，在NETZSCH DSC204型DSC实验仪上进行测试，结果表明，胶料的比热随温度的变化呈线性变化，其关系可用c=c〓+bT表示，文中给出了根据实验数据拟合的c〓、b的值；对轮胎表面的对流换热系数的测定，本文先将滚动的轮胎简化为有直线运动的旋转圆盘，而后采用萘升华热质比拟技术，在风洞中测量了滚动轮胎表面的对流换热系数，结果表明，圆盘表面对流换热系数与转速呈线性关系，即h=5.399+0.0258n，轮胎表面对流换热系数与其直线运动的速度呈线性关系，即h=

Large-volume injection in capillary gas chromatography was developed for determining the trace components in environmental samples and for reducing the need for cleanup step, also for on-line connection of liquid chromatography with CGC. The key features of the LVI include sample retained by a large capacity volume liner or a retention gap, and solvent vapor eliminated by solvent vapor exit.

在毛细管气相色谱法中，采用大体积进样技术，即使用能够容纳大体积样品的进样装置以及增加可控时间的溶剂蒸汽放空装置，可以满足环境样品中超痕量组分的分析要求，简化样品浓缩步骤以及实现液相色谱与CGC的在线联用。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失