简化法

Based on the calculated figure,two calculatin methods of equivalent capacitance were proposed,namely...

基于该图形，提出了大气压辉光放电时等效电容计算方法：简化法和分段法。

The main research contents are stated asfollow: 1. Simplified analysis method of space grids structuresDouble-layer space grids have been assumed as sandwich plate, and are analyzed bythe nontraditional theory of plate with consideration of shear deformation and threegeneralized displacements. Using the theory of energy variation, simplified methodsfor bending, stability and vibration analysis of double-layer space grids have been putforward based upon the idea of split rigidity. The formulas for calculating internalforces, displacements, critical load and natural frequency have been given out. Set thestable cables and bearing cables in hyperbolic paraboloid cable nets are all replaced bytruss-cable to form truss-cable nets structures. Natural vibration analysis method fortruss-cable nets structures has been put forward using the energy variation method andRayleigh method.

主要内容包括： 1、空间网格结构静动力简化分析方法把网架结构简化为夹层板，采用考虑剪切变形的具有三个广义位移的平板弯曲理论进行分析，基于分解刚度思想利用能量变分原理提出了网架结构弯曲、稳定与振动分析的简化计算方法，给出了位移、内力、屈曲临界荷载和固有频率的计算公式；将双曲抛物面索网中的稳定索与承重索均用劲性索代替形成劲性索网结构，基于能量变分法和Rayleigh法给出了劲性索网结构固有振动分析的简化计算公式。

A series of theoretical and experimental studies on the microstrip patch antennas with dielectric superstrates is carried out systematically. Firstly, a comprehensive survey of the microstrip antenna technology and its theories are presented. Then, two analysis techniques, named as the spectral domain Green's function method and the spectral domain integral equation method are developed. The SDGF method is a simplified analysis technique, which takes advantage of the spectral domain immittance approach to find the dyadic Green's function for the stratified media, and obtains the complete closed-form formulas for radiation patterns, directivity, efficiency, gain etc. Some interesting calculated results are presented. The SDIE method is capable of determining resonant frequency, radiation characteristics, input impedance etc, for the covered microstrip patch antennas. Comparing with other full-wave analyses it reduced computation and mathematical labour remarkably. The singularities near the pole location of the surface-wave modes and the difficulty of the integral computation over infinite range of oscillating integrands are dealt with actively and documented well. Results predicted by the SDIE method agree extremely well with our experimental results for resonant frequencies of various superstrates. The superstrate effects on impedance and radiation characteristics also have been investigated experimentally so that the gap due to lack of measured data and computed results for multi-layered superstrate has been filled to some degrees and two useful observations have been achieved for weakening the resonant frequency shift and optimizing the microstrip antenna gain. As a meaningful application, the design and analysis of a 4×4 patch array are introduced.

实用微带天线普遍加介质覆盖层来防护热，物理损伤和环境影响，也可能在飞行或严酷气候条件下自然形成覆盖层本论文对带介质覆盖层的微带贴片天线系统地作了一系列理论和实验研究首先，对微带天线技术和理论作了全面的综述然后，发展了两种分析方法，称为谱域格林函数法和谱域积分方程法SDGF法是一种简化的分析技术，它利用谱域导抗法来求得分层媒质的并矢格林函数，并得出方向图、方向性系数、增益等参数的完整的闭式公式，给出了一些令人感兴趣的计算结果SDIE法能确定介质覆盖微带天线的谐振频率、辐射特性和输入阻抗等与其它全波分析方法相比，它明显减小了计算量和数学工作量已有效地处理了表面波模极点附近的奇异性和对振荡的被积函数的无限区间积分计算的困难对于不同覆盖层情况下的谐振频率，由SDIE法所预示的结果与我们的实验结果吻合得很好对于覆盖层对阻抗和辐射特性的影响也已作了实验研究这在某种程度上填补了缺少实验数据和计算结果之间的间隙，并得出了缓解谐振频率偏移和优化天线增益的两点有用的结论作为有意义的应用，介绍了一个4×4元矩形贴片天线阵的设计和分析。

This reductionism brings in apparent dualisms, with which my Judeo-Christian colleagues seem comfortable.

这种简化法引进了明显的二元论，我基督教的同事更感适应。

This text proceed with the theory of the vibration, utilize typical elastic hinge law analyze structure dynamics characteristic when the blade is quivered to instability, and then use relevant knowledge of blade vibration to simplify the model and the aerodynamic force of the vibration. Through the simplification, we can get the equation of the blade, which is dispersed to its instability. Then VISUAL BASIC procedure is utilized to work out thecharacteristic value of vibration and the vibration frequency. At last comparing the result which is calculated by the above-mentioned theory formulae with the result which is calculated by internationally agreed procedure ANSYS to verify the accuracy of the formula of reduction.

本文从振动理论入手，利用最为典型的弹性铰链法分析叶片发生颤振失稳时的结构动力学特性，然后对振动模型及振动时所受的气动力进行简化，利用简化方程得到叶片发生发散失稳时的振动方程，利用编制的VISUAL BASIC程序解出振动的特征值并得到振动频率，最后分别通过上述的理论公式和国际通用的有限元程序ANSYS对风力机叶片模型进行发散失稳时的频率计算，验证简化公式的准确性。

The Human Genome Project, for example, was a triumph of reductionism.

比如说，人类基因组工程对简化法而言就是一个胜利。

And, on this basis, the VC++ language was used to program the computer. The computerized example was compared with the practical test, and the result showed that the simplification made to the conservation scalar quantity method is feasible on the whole, and compared with the original conservation scalar quantity method, the simplified method has the advantages that programming is more simple, and calculation time can be shortened.

在此基础上，用VC++语言进行编程，将计算后的实例与实际的试验对比验证，结果表明：对守恒标量法所作的简化基本可行，与原来的守恒标量法比较，简化后的编程简单，计算时间缩短。

3D-CTM (Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Forming Simulation) software for precision forging process of aero-engine blade was developed. The key technologies of 3D coupled rigid-viscoplastic thermo-mechanical FEM simulation of blade forging process were studied systematically. By using the remeshing method of contracting from the boundary to the inner, new mesh system from old distorted mesh system can be obtained. A method of modifying the position of nodes touching on the die according to its original normal was proposed to avoid "dead lock" problem due to uncontinuity of normal of scatted die meshes. The pseudo-static iterative algorithm was used to simplify the coupled thermo-mechanical computation. In particular, formulations to determine relaxation factor β was established for rigid viscoplastic FEM adopting penalty function method, and an improved cubic factor rapid algorithm derived from these formulations was proposed by combining with the advantage of advance and retreat search method.

采用基于边界构形的内缩法，实现了三维畸变网格的重新划分；提出了初矢修正法对触模节点的位置进行修正，解决了由于离散的模具网格的法矢不连续造成的&死锁&问题；采用准静态迭代法简化了速度场和温度场耦合计算过程；特别是针对减速因子β的选取，建立了适用于三维复杂成形过程刚粘塑性罚函数法有限元三次因子法的计算公式，并结合进退搜索法提出了改进的三次因子快速算法，提高了模拟计算效率和稳定性，在此基础之上，开发了面向叶片精锻过程的三维刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元模拟分析系统(3D-CTM)，系统的可靠性得到了圆柱体镦粗的验证。

In both those cases, after all, an undeniable reductiveness is going on, a shriveling of the complexity of the human body to the certainty of a single cell in a Petri dish.

毕竟在这两种情况下，简化法无可避免地发生了。它把人体的复杂性简化成皮氏培养皿中的一个确定的单细胞。

Based on the simplified method for subsoils of building given by Men et al., a effective stress method is suggested, combined with the use of the static model of pore water pressure generation presented by Martin et al., so that the development of pore-water pressure under the building subsoils can be evaluated directly. Comparing with the total stress method it is easier and more direct to be used.

根据门福录等提出的建筑物地基液化判别简化分析法，本文进一步提出一个有效应力的简化分析法，此法采用Martin等人的孔隙水压力发展的静力模型，可以直接求出地基中的孔隙水压力发展情况，较总应力法更直观和便于应用。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。