筑防御工事

Sieges that aimed at isolating and reducing fortified places became the dominant instrument for prosecuting the war and protective fortifications were vital, for both the besieged as well as the besieger.

这一现实在不列颠岛上1640年代中的一系列冲突中得到了第一次的体现。对于攻城战的双方来讲，以孤立并消耗筑垒地域为目的的攻城战成为战争的决定性手段、同时保护筑垒地域的防御工事也生死攸关。

A fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military position.

周界筑有防御工事的地带或边界，常用以保护一军事地点

In Alma it states,"Yea, he had been strengthening the armies of the Nephites, and erecting small forts, or places of resort: throwing up banks of earth round about to enclose his armies…the Nephites were taught…never to raise the sword except it were against an enemy… they had cast up dirtround to shield them from the arrows…the chief captains of the Lamanites were astonished exceedingly, because of the wisdom of the Nephites in preparing their places of security…they knew not that Moroni had fortified, or had built forts of security in all the land roundabout …the Lamanites could not get into their forts of security…because of the highness of the bank which had been thrown up, and the depth of the ditch which had been dug round about…they began to dig down their banks of earth…that they might have an equalchance to fight…instead of filling up their ditches by pulling down banks of earth, they were filled up in a measure with their dead…And caused them to erect fortifications that they should commence laboring in digging a ditch round about the land…And he caused that they should build a breastwork of timbers upon the inner bank of the ditch: and they did cast up dirt out of the ditch against the breastwork of timbers".

在阿尔玛书说：『他加强了尼腓人的军队，建造了小型堡垒，或凭藉处所；在周围筑起了堤岸来拱卫他的军队……尼腓人已被教导……除非抵抗敌人，决不举起剑来……他们在周围堆上了污泥来防避拉曼人的箭……这时拉曼人的总队长们非常的吃惊，由於尼腓人在准备他们的安全处所上所表现的智慧……因为他们不知摩罗乃已在周围各地的每一个城巿建筑了防御工事，或防御堡垒……拉曼人除了经由入囗处外，无法进入他们的防御堡垒，因为那土岸已堆得很高，那周围的壕沟已掘得很深……他们就开始去掘他们的土岸，使他们也能得到一条通往他们军队的小路，使他们能有一个均等的作战机会……非但没有推倒土岸来垫没他们的壕沟，反而将他们死者和伤者的身体垫进了不少……并吩咐他们建筑防御工事……他吩咐他们在濠沟的内堤上建造一道木头的胸墙；他们从濠沟中挖出污泥来，靠著木头胸墙堆起来

Between the Rue Neuve-du-Temple and the Rue Saint-Martin, there was the Abbey of Saint-Martin, in the midst of its gardens, a superb fortified church, whose girdle of towers, whose diadem of bell towers,yielded in force and splendor only to Saint-Germain des Près.

在圣殿新街和圣马丁街之间，又有圣马丁修道院，座落在花园中间，筑有防御工事，塔楼连成一片，钟楼重叠，宛如教皇三重冠，这座教堂巍峨壮丽，坚不可摧，仅次于圣日耳曼－德－普瑞教堂。

Between the Rue Neuve-du-Temple and the Rue Saint-Martin, there was the Abbey of Saint-Martin, in the midst of its gardens, a superb fortified church, whose girdle of towers, whose diadem of bell towers, yielded in force and splendor only to Saint-Germain des Prè s.

在圣殿新街和圣马丁街之间，又有圣马丁修道院，座落在花园中间，筑有防御工事，塔楼连成一片，钟楼重叠，宛如教皇三重冠，这座教堂巍峨壮丽，坚不可摧，仅次于圣日耳曼－－瑞教堂。

The rapid retreat of the English, coinciding with the defeat sustained in Belgian Luxemburg, allowed the enemy to cross the Meuse and to accelerate, by fortifying it, the action of his right

英国军队的快速撤退，与他们在比利时，卢森堡战败在同一时间，这使得他们有时间穿过默兹河去筑防御工事，加快他们的行动。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。