等轴的

The richness center of the Theaceae plant species under study is located in the mountainous area of north Guaugdong (22.5°N, and 112~115°E). These plants species exhibited significant longitudinal difference (P=0.0012), and latitudinal variation (P=0.0049). Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed the distribution of plant species could be explained by caloric factors and moisture factors, and MAMI (mean annual minimum temperature) was the key factor determining the distribution pattern of Theaceae plant species richness in the study area.

对125种植物、72个网格和6个环境因子进行典范对应分析表明：CCA排序轴第1轴主要代表温度的变化梯度，第2轴主要代表水分的变化梯度，说明水分、温度等因素共同影响山茶科植物在广东的生长和分布，其中年均最低温度是影响广东省山茶科植物丰富度水平地带性格局的最大因子。

Both the a-axis and ab-plane dip towards the downstream , the dip angles of the a-axis are low and concentrated, being 7—8°,the ab-plane dips at 7～21°, and the a-axis has more preferred dip of fabrics than the ab-plane; the peak of the grain-size frequency distribution curve of deposits in the Lushan area is in the range of 4 and 5 φ;The quartz sand grains are subangular and have well-developed conchoidal fractures, parallel striatio ns, upturned cleavage flakes,"V"-shaped holes and siliceous deposits.

摘 要：庐山第四纪泥砾沉积物的砾石组构特征表明，砾石岩性与山体基岩基本一致，砾石的等体积球径较小，加权平均砾径较中值砾径大，分选系数大于1，分选性差，φ值相对较小，平均为0.66，F值相对较大，在2左右，F/φ比值介于2.75～4.75，ρ值集中且较小，为22.75%～37.75%，砾石以棱角、次棱角状为主，磨圆较差；a轴和ab面都倾向沟谷下游，a轴倾角集中且较小，为7～8°，ab面倾角为7～21°，a轴较ab面具有更为优势的组构倾向；沉积物粒度频率曲线在4～5Φ范围内表现为峰；石英砂颗粒为次棱角状，贝壳状断口发育，具平行擦痕、上翻解理片、V形坑和硅质沉淀。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

Present multiaxial fatigue life analysis method are discussed, and show that equivalent stress-strain approach based on uniaxial fatigue life analysis method can not predict low-cycle fatigue life under nonproportional cyclic loading.

对现有的多轴疲劳寿命分析方法进行了讨论，论证了以单轴疲劳寿命分析方法为基础的等效应变法不能预测多轴非比例加载下的低周疲劳寿命。

Cr13 and Cr18Ni8 series stainless steels would be used for ship parts in the past,the former being poorly resistant to seawater and the latter being insufficient in the strength.In view of this fact,the seriated forrite-austenite dual steels with high strength and good resistance to seawater have been developed.

以前C，r13和Cr18Ni8系列不锈钢被用于制造船体零件，前者在海水中的耐蚀性不良，后者强度性能不够高，于是发展了既具有高强度又耐海水腐蚀的铁素体-奥氏体系列双相不锈钢，用于制造高速船的船体钢板、锻件(舵轴、舵柱、舵梢、尾轴、中间轴等)和铸件(螺旋桨、阀体、耐蚀叶轮等)。

For many years ,by adhering to the principle of customer foremost,Shanghai Saini Company has been always engaged in the production of R series coaxial hard gear surface column gear speed reducers, S series gear worm speed reducers, F series parallel axis gear speed reducers, K series spiral umbrella gear speed reducers, RV series worm speed reducers, MB, MBN planet taper disc stepless speed variators, WH/WB series high power gear speed reducers, cycloid pin gear speed reducers and other types of universal and special speed reducers.

多年以来，上海赛尼传动设备有限公司秉着客户至上的原则，专业生产WR系列同轴式硬齿面圆柱齿轮减速机，WK系列弧齿锥齿轮硬齿面减速机，WF系列平行轴斜齿轮减速机，WS系列圆柱蜗杆减速机，RV系列蜗杆减速机，MB、MBN行星锥盘无级变速机等其他类型通用的和专用的减速机，被广泛应用于舞台机械、食品、包装、陶瓷、制药、纺织、环保等诸多领域。

Taper Lock Bushes coupling is using the conical cuniform function to couple the axis and hub,which is applied in the coupling between axis and triangle pulley,flat pulley,synchronization gear,chain wheel,clutch.

锥套联接是利用锥面的楔形作用实现轴和轮毂的联接，它适用于三角带轮、平皮带轮、同步齿形带轮、链轮、联轴器等部件与轴之间的联接。

Then basing the selective thread bar, we can select the speed reducer whose model is XB1-50 . Basing the selective harmonies waves speed reducer ,we can confirm the servo electromotor whose type is 110SZ07 . Then we can design the spindles of every component ,which conclude the spindle of between the speed reducer and electromotor axis, which is a round bond sleeve spindle and the spindle between the speed reducer and the thread bar, which is flat bond sleeve spindle , the bearing , the track whose type is roll track HJG-D25, and the collective structure of the plate.

根据给定的工作台的切削力、传动精度、行程等确定丝杠为滚珠丝杠副FC1-2004-2.5，由丝杠的尺寸及转矩，选择减速器为XB1-50型的谐波减速器，本根据谐波减速器的输入力矩尺寸及减速比，选择伺服电机为直流伺服电机110SZ07，其转速为10000rpm，然后设计元器件间的联轴器，包括减速器与电机轴间的半圆键套筒联轴器、减速器与丝杠间的平键套筒联轴器，设计轴承，导轨为HJG-D25的滚动导轨，及工作台的总体结构。

In this study, a commercial CAD/CAM Software is used to plan and generate the multi-axis tool path, and a table rotating/tilting type five-axis machining center is used to perform the experimental machining operation. The material of the die studied is NAK 80 die tool steel, and the geometries are modeled as concave and convex spherical surfaces. Milling parameters considered are spindle speed, feed rate, and different types of cutting tool path. The experimental results show that the surface roughness for concave spherical surface is about 0.247 μm and roundness is about 0.0283 mm and the surface roughness for convex spherical surface is about 0.250 μm and spherical roundness is about 0.0551 mm under the cutting conditions mentioned in this study.

本研究的实验方法与步骤包括利用商用CAD/CAM系统针对实验对象规划三轴/五轴同动加工路径，并经后处理程式转换，在本实验室之平台倾斜/旋转型之五轴加工机上进行实验，实验对象为NAK80模具钢材料之凹与凸球形曲面之加工，此外考虑的切削条件有主轴转速、进给速度、加工路径等，在本研究所设定之最佳切削条件下，凹球形曲面之真圆度约为0.0283 mm，粗糙度为0.247 μm，而在相同切削条件下，凸球形曲面之真圆度为0.0551 mm，粗糙度为0.250 μm。

Spontaneously and immediately, the system also can control the swing of the plate following the input of the handle and reach the desired position within 0.3 second.

依据这样的能力，我们设计了两个系统功能：一、智慧型人机互动球平台游戏，包含「人机互动」（如：X轴自动Y轴手动或X轴手动Y轴自动）、「人与人互动」等，而此部份已证实能达到预期之目标；二、球位置的平衡控制，此是要控制球停止於所欲的位置，由於所需的控制法则相当复杂，本研究只进行至可验证架构的可行性，而控制法则的研究，则待未来的学弟来进行。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。