等轴

The axial direction and radial direction spectrum is blue-shift or red-shift. On axial direction, the blue-shift or red-shift increases with the relative propagation distance, truncation parameter, refractive index constant increases and temporal coherence length decreases, and the spectral-shift gurgitation becom gragually steady. On radial direction, spectral switches appear, and the truncation parameter, spatial coherence parameter, temporal coherence length and refractive index constant also influence critical position and transition height et al.

光谱沿轴向、径向均出现蓝移或红移，随着相对传输距离、光阑截断参数、空间相干参数及折射率结构常数的增大，脉冲时间相干长度的减小，轴向光谱蓝移量或红移量逐渐增大，并且由明显地起伏逐渐趋于稳定，沿径向出现了光谱开关，光阑截断参数、脉冲时间相干长度、空间相干参数和折射率结构常数对光谱开关的数目、光谱开关的临界位置和光谱跃迁量等也产生影响。

In this dissertation, the differences between Heavy Wide Loom and ordinary loom in welt insertion, warp, abb, warp beam, heddle, speed and battening are pointed out. The development situation of Heavy Wide Loom is analyzed. The organization of Heavy Wide Loom and function of let-off system are discussed. The composition of let-off system is completely studied, which includes the detect system of warp tension, the control system of electron let-off and the drive system of beam.

本文首先指明重型宽幅织机与普通织机在引纬、经线和纬线、经轴、综片、转速、打纬等方面的区别，分析国内重型宽幅织机的发展现状，讨论了重型宽幅织机的构造和送经系统的功能，对送经系统的组成部分：经线张力感测系统、电子送经的控制系统、经轴的驱动系统进行分析与研究。

This thesis contains three parts: The first part focused on the simulation of the dynamic buckling for rod impacted by dynamic force and rigid body in axial direction, which is hinge joint and uniform cross section, basing on the ANSYS/LS-DYNA and PAMCRASH.

本文的研究工作主要有三部分组成：第一部分基于有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA、PAMCRASH分别对两端铰接、等截面直杆在轴向动力载荷作用下的屈曲和刚性块轴向冲击作用下直杆的动力屈曲过程进行了数值模拟和分析。

In the fin219-null mutant background, GUS staining can be detected in the hydathode of cotyledons, and the guard cells around hydathodes. GUS staining are also found in the base of trichomes, hypocotyls and roots. In contrast, in the phyA mutant background, GUS-FIN219 was not expressed in the hypocotyls.

结果发现转殖在fin219-null突变株背景下，FIN219会特别表现在植株叶缘出水孔与附近的保卫细胞及毛茸基部、初生叶、下胚轴、根部等处，然而在phyA缺失的时候植株幼苗的FIN219则不会在下胚轴表现。

In 2 other patients, the stalk was nonvisualized in both axial and coronal sections. Of those 31 patients whose stalks well demonstrated in axial section, their stalks located more than 2 mm in front of the dorsum sella in 18 patients (58.1%) while it was close to the dorsum sella in 13 patients (41.9%). In tradition, the infundibulum sign was applied only in coronal section, but we suggest that this sign can also be fit in axial section.

在轴状切面上可见脑下垂体柄之31例中，有18例(58.1%)其脑下垂体柄距鞍背超过2mm以上，余16例(41.9%)其脑下垂体柄则紧靠著鞍背，文献报告以电脑断层扫描诊断空蝶鞍所使用之脑下垂体柄跡像，泛指使用在冠状切面上，吾等认为此跡像亦可应用在轴状切面上，用以诊断空蝶鞍。

This paper extracted and analysed 11Math-Mophological Features such as Area, Perimeter, X-Length, Y-Length, Shape-Parameter, Lobation, Sphericity, Circularity, Roundness, Eccentricity and HoleNumber. Based on 40 species of insects which belonging to 8 Orders, 25 Families. And then ranks the accountability of 11 features each in insect identification while assessing their implication to insect taxonomy on levels of Order, Superfamily, Family and Species. More than those, also describes the kinship among the insects of various categories within the same level from the perspective of mathematical morphology through cluster analyses.

论文对隶属于8个目25科的40种昆虫利用计算机视觉技术进行了自动鉴别研究，从昆虫图像中提取和分析了这些昆虫的面积、周长、横轴长、纵轴长、形状参数、叶状性、球状性、圆形性、似圆度、偏心率、亮斑数等11项数学形态特征，并分别探讨了在目、总科、科及种分类阶元上这些数学特征在昆虫分类中的应用可能性和可靠性，利用聚类分析从数学形态学角度对所涉及到的同阶元昆虫类群的亲缘关系做了描述。

B Of the six basic media MS, MS1/2 (half-strength of MS salts and vitamins), WPM, DKW, B5 and SH, MS1/2 was the most proper one to induce somatic embryos. Somatic embryos generally regenerated directly from excised zygotic cotyledons. PGRs combination affected somatic embryogenesis significantly. Medium with NAA 1mg/L, TDZ 0.05mg/L, IBA 2—10mg/L combined with BA 10mg/L, or IBA 10mg/L integrated with BA 0-2mg/L gave the highest induction rate. Excised zygotic hypocotyls had the strongest potential to produce callus. Callus induction was also affected significantly by media and PGRs. The proper callus induction condition was MS1/2 medium containing NAA 1mg/L, IBA 10mg/L, BA 2-5mg/L and TDZ 0.05mg/L. Harvest period affect somatic embryogenesis significantly. Zygotic embryo explants collected from the end of July to the middle of August had strong potential to generate somatic embryos, when endosperm finished solidification, different parts of the embryos were completely formed, the size of embryos occupied about 2/3 of the embryo sac. Provided with optimized conditions, direct somatic embryogenesis rate can attain to 33. 68%, and callus induction rate of hypocotyls was up to 90.7%. Cytological observation on megasporogenesis and zygotic embryogenesis of Manchurian ash showed that the ovary was twicarpellum, twilocular with two ovules each loculus. The ovule was tenuinucellar and anatropous, with one megasporcocyte. The development of embryo sac is of the Polygoum type.

体细胞胚胎发生研究的结果表明：(1)成熟过程中的合子胚是诱导水曲柳体细胞胚胎发生的最佳外植体材料；(2)在所试验到的MS、MS1/2（将MS的所有成分均减半）、WPM、DKW、B〓、SH等六种基本培养基中，MS1/2是最适合诱导水曲柳体细胞胚胎发生的基本培养基；(3)水曲柳的体细胞胚胎发生以直接发生为主，体细胞胚主要来自于从合子胚分离的完整子叶；(4)培养基中的激素组合对水曲柳的体细胞胚胎发生有显著影响，诱导直接体细胞胚发生较好的激素组合有NAA 1mg/L+IBA 2，5，10mg/L+BA 10mg/L+TDZ 0.05mg/L和NAA 1mg/L+IBA 10mg/L+BA 0，2mg/L+TDZ 0.05mg/L；(5)合子胚分离的下胚轴具有最强的愈伤组织诱导潜力，少数愈伤组织可以分化出体细胞胚；(6)愈伤组织的诱导也受培养基和激素配比的显著影响，最适宜诱导的培养条件为MS1/2+NAA 1mg/L+IBA 10mg/L+BA 2，5mg/L+TDZ0.05mg/L；(7)采种时间对体细胞胚胎发生有显著影响。7月末到8月中旬的合子胚具有较强的体细胞胚发生潜力，此时种子尚未成熟，胚乳已呈固态，种胚的各个部分已分化完全，种胚体积占胚腔的大约2/3；(8)在各自综合的最适条件下，完整子叶的体细胞胚诱导率可达33.68%，下胚轴的愈伤组织诱导率可达90.7%。

There are two kinds of the cutter interference errors while milling the loxodrome grooves on the rocket engine nozzle with the four axis simultaneous move CNC milling machine.

为解决具有多种母线轮廓的喷管外表面上铣削加工等倾角螺旋槽的难题，研制和开发了专用的六轴控制、四轴联动的数控机床和专门的数据处理系统。

The paper analyses the elements that inflences the processing precision of thin major axis on the base of its structure characteristics.

从细长轴的结构特点出发，分析了影响细长轴加工精度的因素，并针对产生误差的根源，从改变加工方式、工装结构和刀具参数等方面着手，提出了相应的解决措

The axes of length to diameter ratio bigger than 20 is called the thin major axis .

长径比大于20的轴称为细长轴，由于刚性很差，在加工中产生的切削力、切削热、振动等因素将直接影响工件加工的尺寸精度和形位精度，加工难度大。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐