等离子体

A two-steps numerical method has been used to deal with this process. In every computation time-step, two phases are used: the first one is the adiabatic expansion and cracking phase; the second one is the phase of absorbing laser energy.

采用两步数值计算方法处理等离子体微滴的爆炸过程，即在每一个数值计算时间步长内，将爆炸过程分为两步，第一步处理微滴的绝热膨胀及裂解过程；第二步处理微滴对激光脉冲能量的吸收过程。

The key point of designing coaxial nozzle is how to acquire the steady airstream, which can be used to control the plasma and protect the molten pool at high temperature at the same time.

同轴喷嘴设计的关键问题在于如何获得稳定均匀的同轴气流，使气流在控制等离子体的同时，又能为钛合金高温熔池提供保护。

Meanwhile, it has a good compatibility with traditional proximity or contact lithography, thus we can carry the same manufacturing process on the basis of little modification of traditional aligner's system.

由于基于表面等离子体的光刻技术和传统的光刻系统能很好地兼容，因此可以在传统接近接触式光刻机的基础上稍作改进即可实现纳米量级的光刻分辨力。

Compared with the model which considering alpha particle depositing its energy instantaneously into the plasma, the temporal evolution of plasma temperature and particle number density are calculated.

第二章导出了带电粒子在等离子体中慢化的能量变化率和阻止本领，以及两种拥有独立温度的带电粒子之间的能量交换率。

By coincidence method, the calibrationn technique of ZnO:Ga crystal response to single heavy charged particle was established, the waveform response to the single alpha particle was measured, the experiments data were analysed, and the time response to single proton was gained from the plasma time relationship.

利用符合法原理，建立了ZnO：Ga晶体对单重带电粒子响应的标定方法，得到了该晶体对单α粒子的响应曲线，并对此进行了分析，根据等离子体时间的相对关系得到其对质子的时间响应范围。

The effect of O2 plasma pretreatment on surface free energy of PS was investigated by means of contact angle and surface free energy measurements.

通过接触角及表面自由能分析，探讨了O2等离子体预处理条件对PS表面自由能的影响，确定了预处理的最佳条件。

The influence of surface energy of glass particles from plasma treatment was characterized by the contact angle measurement of the powder particle pellet.

用水和粉体压片之间的接触角变化表征了等离子体工艺参数对粉体表面能的影响。

Framing shadowgraphy of UV laser probing with the 4th harmonic Nd-YAG Laser was developed for the diagnosis of Z-pinch plasmas. This system can effectively shield visible light and has advantages of high temporal resolution,large optical angular aperture and wide measuring range.

采用Nd-YAG激光器的四倍频激光(266nm)设计了激光探针分幅阴影成像系统，该系统具有时间分辨率和收光效率高，测量范围大，可有效屏蔽可见光干扰的优点，在钨丝阵实验中成功获得晚期内爆等离子体的分布图像。

Detailed contents are given as follows:(1)In views of the x-ray laser target chamber on the SG-II high-power laser facility and the experimentally physical demands, the key influencing factors, such as the elliptical eccentricity and the spectral detection angle, on the angular dispersion, the spectral resolution,and the photometric parameter were studied by the elliptical self-focusing geometric principle. In order to increase the spectral and spatial resolution, using ray tracing code and optical path function, optimization calculation was carried out for an elliptical crystal spectrometer.

进一步以此为核心开发出了一种新型的X射线测量与诊断系统，取得了一些新的科研成果，可为王王淦淦昌昌院士、王大珩院士二老倡导研制成的用于国防科研、激光惯性约束聚变、强激光与物质相互作用、X射线激光等物理研究的大型钕玻璃高功率"神光II"激光装置上的物理实验提供更有效的诊断X射线谱手段，扩充了其应用范围，也对激光等离子体辐射keV以上能区段的X光发射和吸收的原子物理过程与机制、占据动力学、谱形态结构等方面做了深入一步的理论和实验研究。

Angular distribution and energy spectrum of the high-energy particles produced during the interaction of ultra-short ultra-intense...

本论文研究了超短超强激光与等离子体相互作用中高能粒子发射的角分布和能谱。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。