等神经节的

NKCCl(superscript -/-) mice were deaf and demonstrated difficulties in maintaining their balance. NKCC1 mice exhibited a marked atrophy of the stria vascularis, contraction of the endolymphatic compartments and collapse. CONCLUSION: NKCCl channel plays a critical role in potassium homeostasis of endolymph in the inner car.

光镜下NKCCl野生型小鼠和NKCCl杂合子小鼠的耳蜗解剖结构无明显异常；NKCCl突变纯合子小鼠的耳蜗出现前庭膜塌陷、内淋巴腔缩小而致中阶完全消失，并有血管纹萎缩、Corti器缺失、螺旋神经节萎缩；且球囊和椭圆囊膜迷路失去正常结构并出现塌陷等病理改变。

Results:(1)Among 40 rats, 36 rats were successfully established and the rate of success is 90 percent;(2)All the successfully established models demonstrated polydipsia, polyuria and the body weight was not increased. 6 rats suffered cataract after 3 months, and 4 rats died in 6 months;(3)There was an approximately 61% loss of retinal ganglion cells in the central retina and the thickness of retina thinner under microscope ( P 0.01 ).(4) Electroscope changes include the thinner of retina, disorganization of the membranous disc of the rod cells and the thickness of basal membrane of vessal.(5)In normal group, 1 month dibetes mellitus and 1 month treatmen group, there was no expression of ERK1/ERK2 on the retina tissues. In 3 month diabetes mellitus group, the expression of ERK1/ERK2 was positive.

结果：①40只建模大鼠中36只建模成功，建模成功率为90%；②建模成功的大鼠都表现出多饮、多尿、消瘦、体重不增的表现，有6只大鼠在3个月后出现白内障，有4只大鼠在喂养接近至6个月时死亡；③HE染色光镜下6个月大鼠后极部视网膜节细胞层细胞数明显减少，减少约61%(P.01)，后极部视网膜明显变薄(P.01)；④电镜观察，视网膜变薄，视杆细胞膜盘紊乱，血管基底膜增厚等表现；⑤正常组、糖尿病组和治疗组1个月大鼠视网膜中未见ERK1/ERK2的表达，糖尿病组视网膜组织中3个月时可见少量表达，ERK1/ERK2表达部位为神经节细胞层和内核层；6个月时表达强阳性，部位表达不仅见于内核层、神经节细胞层，色素上皮层也见表达。

Metabolic cherry-red spot occurs in other lysosomal enzyme deficiences such as generalized gangliosidosis (GM 1), Sandhoff's, Gaucher's, mucolipidosis Types 1 and 2, Niemann-Pick Type A, and multiple sulfatase deficiency. Vision is usually subnormal because the ganglion cells are not working properly.

代谢性眼部樱桃红斑发生在许多溶酶体酶缺乏的疾病中出现，如GM1神经节苷脂贮积病，sandhoff病，高雪氏病，粘脂质贮积病1，2型，尼曼匹克病A型，及多种硫酸酯酶缺乏病等，由于神经节细胞异常，视力一般轻度受损。

Results 1、Early in the third month, vacuolation was presented in the retinal ganglion cells, and the pathologic changes were aggravated with the development of diabetes.

结 果1、SD糖尿病大鼠的视网膜早在3个月时即出现神经节细胞空泡变性等病理改变，随着病情的发展，逐渐加剧。2、NF-κB在对照组仅表达于视网膜神经节细胞的胞浆。

Staining and observing shows that the most pathological changes were interstitial pneumonia and hemorrhagic pneumonia, typical nonsuppurative encephalitis, and neurogangliitis et al. The lymphoid tissue was necrosis, and the amount of lymphocytes was reduced. The pathological changes of the positive cells, especially the epithelial cells were swell, denaturization and hyperplasy to the extent.

H.E。染色观察显示，病理组织学变化主要表现为间质性肺炎和出血性肺炎、典型的非化脓性脑炎、神经节炎等；淋巴结、扁桃体和脾脏等组织内淋巴细胞坏死、数目减少；有阳性反应的细胞，特别是阳性上皮细胞呈现不同程度的肿胀、变性、增生等病理变化。

Except for classical regions involved in language actions, such as Wernicke and Broca areas, there appeared other activated cerebral regions, including cerebellum, limbic system and basal ganglial nucleus, etc. Various activation distribution patterns of cerebral regions were shared by every subject in both language tasks.

结果：所有受试者均出现显著的脑区激活，除传统语言脑区Wernicke和Broca区外，还出现其它脑区激活现象，如小脑、边缘系统、基底神经节等。

Objective: To observe the influence of You Tang Ming granule, which had the functions of replenishing qi and producting jing, nourishing liver and kindneys, activating channels of eyes to improve eyesight, on retinal microvascular and retinal gangliocyte in STZ-diabetic rats.

目的：探讨益气生津、滋养肝肾、通络明目中药复方优糖明颗粒对6个月病程STZ糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管及神经节细胞等的影响及其机理。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

Descending brain neurons in cricket transfer information which,have conformity translated to locomotory centrum of abdominal ganglion,and thoracic ganglion,which only represent about 0.3‰～1.5‰ of the brain neurons,and illustrate the large degree of convergence of other neurons onto them.

蟋蟀下行脑神经元通过围咽神经索将编译、整合的信息传递到腹、胸等神经节的运动中枢，约占脑神经元总量的0.3‰~1.5‰，并能高效的聚集信息。

There are many small neurons that contain neuropeptides including SP and CGRP in dorsal root ganglions.

腰椎背根神经节的小细胞中有多种神经肽，包括P物质(SubstanceP，SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-relatedpeptide，CGRP)等。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失