等浓度

Diesel engines have the advantages of high thermal efficiency, maximum torque output, better fuel economic, and stability. In addition the diesel engine has an important contribution in dynamic machine, such as big truck, bus, trailer, attachment car, train, ship, agrimotor etc. It is excellent contributions to develop world economy, and then emissive smoke and NOx will produce air pollution to damage human health.

柴油引擎具有热效率高、输出扭力大及油耗较省、稳定又耐用等诸多优点，因此在动力机械方面始终扮演著重要的角色，如大货车、大客车、联结车、火车、船舶、农业机械等之引擎均采用之，对於全球经济发展功不可没；然而排放的黑烟和氮氧化物的浓度造成空气污染，影响人类健康，长期吸入会导致呼吸系统疾病，甚或致癌。

Research results show that 25% Amistar SC could be used safely on Fuji, New Red Star, Beidou, Australian Green Apple, but it is harmful to Gala. Amistar has a great control effect on apple powdery mildew, apple scab and apple Alternaria leaf spot. The control effect works from 80% to 90% when it is used with 1:2000 to 1:3000 dilutions in field.

结果表明，25% Amistar SC除对嘎啦品种有药害外，对红富士、新红星、北斗、澳州青苹等6个骨干品种均无任何不良影响，使用安全；同时，25%阿米西达SC对苹果白粉病、黑星病及斑点落叶病等3种主要病害均具有显著防治效果，使用浓度1：2000~1：2500，防治效果为80%~90%；在广谱性和防效上显著优於目前生产上推广的常规性的苯并咪唑类、三唑类及代森类的杀菌剂品种。

All the compositions satisfy the same electron concentration $e/a$=1.5 and average atomic radius 0.1496 nm as those of the Zr$_{60}$Al$_{20}$Ni$_{20}$ bulk metallic glasses.

根据等电子浓度和等原子尺寸判据设计了四种Zr--Ti--Al--Ni系合金，并用激光诱导燃烧合成的方法制备了材料。

Due to the quantum effect of nanocrystallites, the 〓/MCM-41 mesophase not onlydisplayed the characteristic narrow emission based on the f-〓 electronic transitions,but a wide emission band of the MCM-41 matrix.

在制膜的过程中，溶胶液的浓度、陈化时间、铺膜厚度、溶剂挥发速率以及基片的清洁度等因素直接影响到所得薄膜的质量，如透明性、均匀性和致密性等。

New type of water chemistry for utility drum boiler and its principle and characteristic Two kinds of water chemistry's main principle and characteristic are detailedly analyzed. Against the problem of high eroding speed, high Fe content in feed water and boiler water, high scaling speed, short chemical cleaning interval, needing poisonous chemical deoxidant, etc for drum boiler's deoxidization water chemistry and difficulty of using oxidation water chemistry, a new type of water chemistry is put forward on the basis of analyzing the characteristic of whole power station's water steam cycle system, principle of two kinds of water chemistry and their practical effect in every cycle stage. Considering two water chemistry's merit, a new water chemistry called Limited Oxidation Water Chemistry is put forward, which is a local slight oxidization no-deoxidant water chemistry. And the proposed method's principle, control parameter, applying condition, start-lay up and emergency measures are initially calculated and analyzed.

三、新型汽包炉水化学工况的提出及其原理和特点详细分析了国内外现行两大类水化学工况处理的核心原理和特点，针对现行汽包炉还原性水化学工况处理所存在的系统腐蚀速度相对较大、给水和炉水铁浓度高、锅炉结垢速度快、机组酸洗间隔短、无法避免有毒化学除氧剂的使用以及氧化性水化学工况在汽包炉机组上应用的困难等问题，在详细分析电站整个水蒸汽循环系统的特点、两类水工况处理的原理和对循环中各段处理的实际效果等的基础上，综合两者的优点，提出了一种新型的局部轻微氧化性无除氧剂汽包炉水化学工况－"汽包炉有限氧化性水化学工况"处理原理，并初步计算、分析和确定了该种新型水化学工况的主要工艺控制参数、应用条件、启停与紧急情况处理等。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

The osmosis phenomenon was studied with different semipermeable membranes such as nanofiltration membrane and reverseosmosis membrane.

用纳滤、反渗透膜等不同的半透膜进行渗透实验，试验了溶质种类、浓度、渗透压、搅拌混合等的影响，结果表明纳滤膜等新型的半透膜具有良好的渗透性能和较好的应用前途。

The results showed that the different mass concentration of HPAM's absorbance decreases slightly when the PH value of the buffer solution is 5.0, but its reproducibility is better;In order to make the absorbance become more stable, the reaction time was identified adding proper quantities of bromine water, sodium formate and starch-cadmium iodide reagent to the solution separately; the mass concentration curve of the HPAM was draw, by means of the straight degree of the curves, the coincidence degree of the straight line about the concentration of every sampling point and so on , it shows that the mixer has good mixed effect compared with the standard curve.

如下是一些主要问题：1）文章的行文格式。文章没有按照一般科技论文的表述方式，如1是引言，2是常用方法，其实这都应该是第一部分引言里应该介绍的，引言中应扼要介绍文章的研究背景、目的，意义，采用的主要方法等。还有3是实验装置，4是实验步骤，应该这些都是第二部分，试验材料与方法。2）文章的内容。文章应主要介绍本研究的具体内容，但是本文没有，如3 实验装置部分，这个721分光光度计的原理与论文内容联系不大，根本没必要介绍，标准曲线的研究应该放在最前面等。3）文章的表述不清。如HPAM是何物，文章一直没有介绍，什么曲线的直线度、浓度与直线的重合度、什么加入溴水后的时间，应该是反应时间，总之表述不清！ 4）文章的图表。图标绘制的很难看。如图2，应该纵坐标起始点从0.25开始，这样图形就会美观很多，图3又没有纵坐标标注，还多了一个纵坐标等。5）文章的结论。文章的结论中有些严格来说不是结论，而是实验中的现象与操作注意事项。

The effects of various structure parameters of gemini surfactants such as nature of the hydrophilic head groups,nature and chain length of the hydrophobic tail groups,nature and chain length of the spacer groups,and nature of the counter ion et al.on their dissolution properties,surface activity,micelle morphology,foaming performance and lime soap dispersing power et al.were summarized.

综述了双子表面活性剂亲水头基的性质、疏水尾基的性质及长度、连接基的性质及长度、反离子等结构参数对其溶解性、表面活性、胶束形状、起泡性及钙皂分散能力等的影响。双子表面活性剂是一类新型表面活性剂，具有临界胶束浓度低、表面活性高、增黏能力强等一系列优异性能，这些优良性能使其具有良好的应用潜力。

The results show that perfect anatase nanocrystalline TiO2 can be obtained by SGRTSE method and the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be improved by doping and surface treatment. In the experimental system, the addings of proper salts are beneficial to the photocatalytic degradation of DBSNa. The pH value of solution, adding amount of TiO2, flow rate of air, and initial concentration are the main influence factors for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, and the apparent reaction order is pseudo-first-order, which could be described by Langmuir- Hinshelwood equation.

结果表明：sol-gel法结合室温溶剂蒸发诱导可制备出晶型良好的锐钛型纳米TiO_2；过渡元素和稀土元素杂原子掺杂，贵金属掺杂和表面酸化处理是有效提高TiO_2光催化活性的途径；试验体系中，在DBSNa的降解过程中加入适量的盐，可以大大加速降解效果；光催化降解水中有机物，溶液pH值，TiO_2投加量，曝气速率，被降解物起始浓度等是影响降解效果的重要因素；对起始浓度较低的有机物光催化降解过程可利用简化的Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程进行描述，反应级数为拟一级。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。