等时的

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

A classical Greek poem modeled on the choric ode and usually having a three - part structure consisting of a strophe,an antistrophe,and an epode.

诗歌以便唱歌曲为模式的古希腊诗歌，具有三部分结构，包括向左舞动时唱的诗句，向右舞动时唱的诗句以及抒情诗等三部分

Bolt with full screw threads and equal strength is a new type of bolt.

全螺纹等强度锚杆是一种新型锚杆，其最主要优点是杆体不需二次加工紧固螺纹，不仅简化了生产工艺，还实现了杆体全长等强，克服了常规锚杆受拉时产生应力集中区而使杆体强度降低的缺点，另外，较大的螺距可使锚杆安装速度提高。

The boundary of analytical model and statistical model is clearly divided in this performance model, and evaluation accuracy is improved. Secondly, based on embedded SRAM performance hybrid model, this article adopts bionics algorithm-ant algorithm to optimize hierarchical embedded SRAM structure. This method which adjusts memory system structure improves memory system performance. Finally, considering the factors such as memory cell area, power, delay and reliability, this article establishes static 6-T memory cell area, power, delay and static noise margin equations, analyzes 6-T memory cell device dimension constraints under "read upset" and "write upset", then proposes a method to enhance embedded SRAM performance by optimizing 6-T memory cell size. In order to realize embedded SRAM design and verify proposed optimization methods, this article takes the Garfield202 system chip as the platform, which embeds A720T processor and 20KB Scratch-Pad memory.

首先针对嵌入式SRAM结构，采用多元线性回归方法分析SRAM宏单元性能指标，采用解析方法分析控制电路延时，结合以上这两种方法建立嵌入式SRAM性能混合模型，该模型清晰划分两种建模方法的各自适用范围，提高了模型精度；其次以该混合模型为基础建立存储体性能目标函数，采用仿生优化算法—蚂蚁算法优化嵌入式SRAM结构，使之达到最优设计；最后综合考虑面积、功耗、速度以及可靠性等因素，建立静态6-T存储单元面积、功耗、延时以及静态噪声容限方程，分析了&读破坏&和&写破坏&的晶体管尺寸约束，优化了6-T存储单元尺寸，提高了嵌入式SRAM性能。

Zero-coupon bonds – bonds specifying such elements as their coupon rate and term at the time of issuance, all the principal and interest of which should be repaid in a lump sum at maturity.

零息票债券-----是指在发行时明确债券的票面利率和期限等要素，到期时一次偿还全部本金和利息的债券。

The primary purpose of this research is to design and manufacture the Small needle scalpel in the application of medical therapy. In order to eliminate the possibility of infection from the treatments of diseases such as hepatitis B or AIDS, It is necessary to develop a disposable surgical needle scalpel to comply with the demand of modern people for the hygienic medical equipments. After several generation modifications, a successful needle scalpel is manufactured.

本研究是将医疗手术时所用之小针刀器具，改良设计与制造成具经济效益舍弃式的手术医疗器具，以符合现代人对医疗器具卫生的要求，可避免於治疗时，由针刀器具传染B型肝炎或AIDS等疾病。

No matter how strong the breeze when you leave the dock,once you have reached the furthest point from shore,the wind will die.

不论你离开时码头的风有多大，等你到了离港湾十万八千里远的另一头时，风就停了。

With the development of electronic computer terminal technology, thermalsensitive records have gruadually taken the place of other traditional methods in the fields of fax scanning, image reprography, information transfer and etc. Nowadays, more and more different kinds of thermalsensitive recording materials have appeared in markets and they are widely used in department stores, supermarkets, banks, hospitals, airports and other fields.

由于热敏记录方式具有完全干式，不需显定影工艺，记录时没有烟雾气味，无噪声，解像率高，可作彩色复印，操作简单等特点，随着电子计算机终端技术和非打印印刷器的发展，在传真扫描、图像复印、信息显示传递等方面，热敏记录已逐渐取代其它的传统方式。

Four main factors which possibly affected sex were described such as arginine concentration in female animal vagina, glucose in the uterus, maturational status of the oocyte at the time they encounter sperm as well as the hormone levels of both parents at the time of conception.

这些环境因素包括母体生殖道中精氨酸含量、胚胎发育过程中子宫内葡萄糖浓度、输精时卵母细胞成熟程度以及哺乳动物受孕时生殖激素的水平等方面，为进一步开展性别控制研究积累一定的资料。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。