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The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

In view of above condition, this article carries on the smooth noise reduction to the actual gathered annual ring image with the use of computer imagery processing method.

针对以上情况，本文探讨了利用计算机图像处理的几种方法，对实际采集的年轮图像进行直方图修改、平滑滤波、二值化处理等处理，使处理后的图像在应用到WinDENDRO分析系统时，能快速准确的计算出年轮个数、宽度值等参数，为后续树木生长分析提供精确的数据，解决人工操作费时费力和错漏等问题。

For example, glass, ceramics class, such as commodities or crafts products, losses due to fragmentation, when the insured or in the life insurance on the basis W.P.A. broken security risk; hemp goods, after damp heat, caused by mildew , brought about by loss of spontaneous combustion, or in life insurance on the basis W.P.A. security risk damp heat; asbestos, cement board, marble and other building materials product category, resulting in major losses due to fragmentation, it should be in the life insurance security based on the risk of breakage.

例如，玻璃制品、陶瓷类的日用品或工艺品等产品，会因破碎造成损失，投保时可在平安险或水渍险的基础上加保破碎险；麻类商品，受潮后会发热、引起霉变、自燃等带来损失，应在平安险或水渍险的基础上加保受热受潮险；石棉瓦、水泥板、大理石等建筑材料类商品，主要损失因破碎导致，应该在平安险的基础上加保破碎险。

In accordance with the principle set out in the financial procedures (decision 15/CP.1) that the core budget shall not subsidize activities funded from supplementary sources,{§5} costs of support services, which include per capita costs for information services such as data communication, equipment and software, and secretariat-wide costs for telephone and fax communication, training and common premises, have been budgeted, to the extent possible, to the respective source of funding.

按照财务程序(第15/CP.1号决定)所载的原则，即核心预算不得补贴由补充资源供资的活动，{§5}支助服务等各项费用，其中包括诸如数据传输、设备、软件等信息服务人均费用，以及全秘书处的电话和传真费用、培训和共用场地等费用，在编制预算时，都尽可能地按照相应的资金来源安排。

This method makes up the shortage of traditional decision network planning and makes the blue print choice more reasonable. Because this method comprehensively considers the six aspects of the project. The six aspects are duration ,cost, quantity, technique risk, strategy intention and maintenance. Second, it researched the calculation method of time parameters based on fuzzy triangle number of decision network planning. At last, it studies the fuzzy duration-cost optimization of decision network planning.This dissertation makes use of fuzzy theory to the decision network planning.

首先将模糊综合评判方法应用于决策节点方案选择，从工期、费用、质量、技术风险、战略意图和维护需求等六个方面全面比较各个备选方案，与传统网络计划在进行方案决策时只注重工期和成本两个方面相比，决策效果有所改善；其次，研究了采用模糊三角数表示工序工期情况下的决策网络计划时间参数计算方法以及模糊工期压缩等问题；最后，对模糊决策网络计划工期—成本优化方法进行了探讨。

Too much emphasis has been laid on thephase coherence detection using the arithmetics of auto-correlation in time domain,spectrum analysis in frequency domain and feature extraction of intra-pulse modulatedsignals employing the methods of quadrature in time domain、Short Time FourierTransform、Wigner-Ville Distribution and Radon-Wigner Transform.

本文详细介绍了脉冲多普勒雷达的原理及其信号特征、相参性原理、脉内调制信号、时频分析理论和模式识别理论等，重点讨论了利用时域自相关法和频域谱线分析法进行相位相参性的检测；详细分析了脉内调制特征提取的几种方法，主要包括时域正交、短时傅立叶变换、维格纳分布和 Radon-Wigner 变换。

The each statures system has to the machine that spreading and feeling the information proceeding sends out to handle;Keyboard, show to handle;Drive the air condition machine and go to the wet machine;Receive with send out the information place of honor machine etc.

每个子系统具有对传感器发送的信息进行处理；键盘、显示处理；驱动空调机、去湿机；接收和发送信息到上位机等功能，能实现当温湿度超出设定值时，单片机能自动发出控制信息，驱动空调机、去湿机，等功能。

The conclusion is that the maximal gradient: of the tractor skidding trail depends on: the adhesive force while the tractor is uphill without load, when the full loaded tractor is downhill using the engine to brake the tractor and control the tractor velocity, the reliable lubrication of the engine.

结论是：规范关于集材坡道最大坡度的规定，主要由空车上坡时附着力、重载下坡时利用发动机制动且变速器挂低档控制拖拉机下滑速度及保证发动机可靠润滑等因素决定。

The results are as follows: The start recrystallization temperature of Mo-C is about 950℃ and the process is finished around 1200℃, and during this process, the transverse bending property is gradually improved and the elongation percent of the transverse bending reached max value (about 5%) at 1100-1200℃.

研究结果表明：Mo-C棒再结晶开始温度在950℃左右，在1200℃时基本形成了等轴晶组织；当退火温度低于1200℃时，随着退火温度的升高，合金的横向弯曲性能逐渐提高，在1100~1200℃时，合金的横向弯曲延伸率最高，达到5%。

The international community is gravely concerned with the intransigent position of the Botha regime which has persisted in the barbarous apartheid system and illegal occupation of Namibia as well as the unscrupulous destabilization of the neighbouring countries.

比如日本刚发生了大地震，这时对日本政府肯定是表示同情，对死难人员表示哀悼，对死难者家属表示慰问等。c。在预测没有把握时，可以先用一个中性词代替，如有必要，最后再作补充。如下例中的& be concerned with&便是一个中性表达方法。到句末时，将&be indignant at&补充进去。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。