等成分变化

Choose cards from the set according to a couple of very simple rules, arrange them in numerical order (as shown in the code number of each card) and make them interlocked to form "a chain of S-shaped links", and a somewhat formulaic manifestation of one of the several hundred forms of any one of the English verbs, including those conjugational forms showing person, number, tense, voice and even the word order of the affirmative, negative, declarative or interrogative sentence, appears.

各卡片上标有构成英语动词全套变化的一种基本成分或基本组合形式，其语法意义和用途，以及分组代号，只须按一种非常简单的规则，选取卡片，顺序套排成一种"S形活络链条"式的卡片序列，就可得出任何一个动词包括人称、数、时态、语态、语气以及肯定、否定、陈述、疑问等数百种变化形式中任何一种形式的公式化表示。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

Using different concentrations of PEG solution simulated drought stress, measured PB86, PR107, RRIM600 and GT1 rubber tree seedling leaves relative water content, the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase, 8 physiological indicators, and their changes in the law, and using principal component analysis, membership function analysis, correlation analysis grey mathematical statistical methods, such as the evaluation of four strains of rubber tree seedlings and with the drought resistance the relevance of indicators; at the same time analysing the use of hypertonic solution screening rubber tree seeds and the drought resistance of different rootstocks on 7-33-97 budding seedlings of the impact of drought that rubber tree planting material and rootstocks drought assessment, and provide a theoretical basis choice.

利用不同浓度的PEG溶液模拟干旱胁迫，测定了PB86、PR107、RRIM600和GT1橡胶树实生苗叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶等8项生理指标，研究了它们的变化规律，并利用主成分分析、隶属函数分析、灰色关联分析等数理统计方法评价了4个品系橡胶树实生苗的抗旱性及其与各指标的相关性；同时分析了利用高渗溶液筛选的橡胶树种子的抗旱性以及不同砧木对热研7－33－97芽接苗抗旱性的影响，以为橡胶树抗旱砧木和种植材料的评价、选择提供理论依据。

There were only 94 vascular plant species, belonging to 50 family and 75 genera. The dominant species in the communities were deciduous broadleaf species Liquidambar formosana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Acer buergerianum, and Celtis sinensis, evergreen broadleaf species Cinnamomum camphora and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, and Phyllostachys heterocycla. Robinia pseudoacacia+Cinnamomum camphora community had the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1757) and Phyllostachys heterocycla+Acer buergerianum community had the highest Simpson index (0163), but no consistency was observed between the curves of H and D. For vertical structure, most communities had no significant understory stratification.

结果表明：辰山植物区系以泛热带和北温带占优势，具有典型亚热带和温带成分交汇和南北植物分布交错特征；但保育区内种类单一，维管束植物仅有49科69属94种；主要群落是以枫香、刺槐、臭椿、三角枫和朴树等为优势树种的落叶阔叶林，以香樟和秃瓣杜英等为优势树种的常绿阔叶林，以及毛竹林；物种多样性普遍较低，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高为刺槐+香樟群落（1.757），Simpson均匀度指数最高值为毛竹+三角枫群落（0.163）；多样性指数曲线和均匀度指数曲线不具有一致性的变化趋势；多数群落垂直结构中无明显林下分层现象；演替前期的落叶乔木种群后续个体不足。

To clarify the interaction between wood primary components based on a molecular level, and to obtain the change information of bonding form between molecules in different soften or decrystallized wood, can not only provide theoretical basis for decrystallization, chemical improvement of wood and wood bending, but also can offer technical parameters for new approach and ways of wood processing and integrated utilize, at the same time can also enrich the wood rheology theory.

为了在分子水平上弄清楚木材主成分之间的相互作用关系，以及获得不同塑化处理后，木材在应变条件下内部分子结合形式的变化信息，不仅能为木材的非晶化、化学改性、弯曲部件成型等奠定理论基础，还能为木材加工、综合利用等开辟新的途径和方法提供技术参数，同时还能丰富木材流变学理论。

To clarify the interaction between wood primary components based on a molecular level, and to obtain the change information of bonding form between molecules in different soften or decrystallized wood, can not only provide theoretical basis for decrystallization, chemical improvement of wood and wood bending, but also can offer technical parameters for new approach and ways of wood processing and integrated utilize, at the same time can also enrich the wood rheology theory.

摘 要：为了在分子水平上弄清楚木材主成分之间的相互作用关系，以及获得不同塑化处理后，木材在应变条件下内部分子结合形式的变化信息，不仅能为木材的非晶化、化学改性、弯曲部件成型等奠定理论基础，还能为木材加工、综合利用等开辟新的途径和方法提供技术参数，同时还能丰富木材流变学理论。

New fancy yarn spinning machine can Tatu yarn, Loop yarn, TT yarn, knot yarn, AB yarn, wrapped yarn, TT circle composite yarn; four-color gilling machine can be different components of the crude under mixing ratio to be a gradual change in color spinning color tops; small needle crochet machine filament or yarn can be used as raw material, imitation scallops hollow yarn, cut yarn, yarn hook chain; multifunction fancy spinning yarn spinning machine can core-spun yarn, thick yarn, the strength-twist yarn, slub yarn, etc..

新型花式纺纱机可以纺制大肚纱，圈圈纱， TT 纱，结子纱， AB 纱，包缠纱，圈圈 TT 复合纱等；四色针梳机可将不同成分的粗条根据比例来进行混条，纺制颜色渐进变化的彩色毛条；小针筒钩编机可以用长丝或纱线为原料，仿制空心带子纱，割毛纱，勾链纱等；多功能花式纺纱机可以纺制包芯纱，粗细纱，强弱捻纱，竹节纱等。

Objective: To study the different and the variety of four organic acids in leaves of Isatis indigotica among different cultivated populations in water stress condition and healthy plant.

中文摘要：目的：检测北京、内蒙古、河北和陕西等4个栽培居群菘蓝叶片中草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和抗坏血酸等4种有机酸成分含量的差异及在淹水胁迫下的变化。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为&自源新词&和&他源新词&两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属&绝对新词&和&相对新词&，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

Also being with the metamorphic crystalline basement formed later and suffered the stronger tectonic event and the material composition reforming, being composed of the material with low density and existing the relatively weak intrinsic mechanical system, Huaxia massif was affected by the various tectonic movement in the later period, the layers inside the lithosphere interacted under action of the tectonic force, this led to the material composition and the structure regulated and changed constantly by the magmatism in the crust, underplating and faulting and folding, therefore, the ability to resist the deformation decreased with the every variation.

华夏地块变质结晶基底形成时代晚，并遭受更多更强构造变动与物质组分的改造使之物质组成密度较小，岩石圈先期固有的力学结构系统相对较弱，尤其是后期的地球大系统的历次构造运动都对其施加影响，构造动力作用下引起内部圈层间相互发生作用，导致内部物质成分、结构形态通过壳内岩浆活动、地幔底侵作用、断裂褶皱等不断的调整重组重建而变化，其每一次调整变化，都使其总体抵抗变形能力进一步降低。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。