等成分变化

And the lattice distance expands anomalously with decreasing particle size. Using the model of long-range interaction and its cooperative phenomena altered by particle size, the size-induced cubic-tetragonal phase transition, the anomalous lattice expansion, and the change in chemical bonding characters have been well understood.

采用长程相互作用的晶粒尺寸效应模型，对钛酸钡纳米晶结构相变、晶格间距异常增加、价键性质变化等实验现象给出了合理的统一的解释；并把该模型扩展到解释与钛酸钡晶体具有不同共价性成分的氮化镓等纳米体系的相变以及晶格结构变化现象。

It was shown that the stable carbon isotope composition of beef tissue was primarily dependent on the diet the animals were fed,meanwhile theδ~(13)C values of cattle tail hair, defatted muscle and crude fat all enhanced with the increment of the proportions of C4 constituents in diet, but those values were on the contrary with the enhancement of the proportions of C3 constituents. Moreover, allδ~(13)C values of different tissues were significantly correlated with the content of C4 and C3 plant material. So, the main component of cattle feed could be investigated with the help ofδ~(13)C values. Theδ~(15)N values of beef tissues were affected by feed composition to some extent, but it had no regularity. The cattle tail hair and defatted muscle enriched in 13C to their feeds gave different results between the two groups, but cattle tail hair enriched in 15N much more than defatted muscle and in the proportion of 3‰- 5‰, plus, cattle variety and individual had effect on the proportion of enrichment.

结果表明，牛组织中碳同位素组成主要受饲料的影响，牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ~(13)C值随着C4植物含量在牛饲料中的比例增加而升高，随着C3植物含量在牛饲料中的比例增大而降低，并且均与C4、C3植物含量呈极显著的相关性(P.01)，用牛组织中的δ~(13)C值可以调查牛饲料中的主要成分；牛组织中的氮同位素一定程度上受饲料因素的影响，但未随饲料组成成分的改变而呈现规律性变化；牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉相对饲料对13C的富集比例两组试验结果不一致，牛尾毛对15N的富集比例大于脱脂肌肉，富集比例约在3‰- 5‰，饲料种类、牛个体等因素对富集比例均有一定影响；牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ~(13)C值三者之间相关性达到极显著水平(P.01)。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为"自源新词"和"他源新词"两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属"绝对新词"和"相对新词"，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

On the basis of the comprehensive study and analysis of the literatures concerning the mechanism and properties of CCWC, the substances that can react with anhydrate or hydration products and other supplementary ingredients were selected, and variety of experiments were conducted by means of cross experimental design. The effects of chemical composition and dosage of raw materials, curing condition, and chemical admixtures on waterproofing ability were tested and analyzed.

本文在对水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料的作用机理和应用性能分析研究基础上，选择能与水泥混凝土中未水化水泥及部分水化产物反应的活性物质和其它的辅助成分，利用正交设计方法，研究不同组分对涂料防水性能的影响，并详细分析了原料化学成分、掺量及养护条件等参数的变化对涂料渗透结晶性能的影响，研制成功了一种以硅酸盐水泥为基础的水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料—GT防水涂料。

Result Under the pretreatment conditions, the content of acetone extractives transformed. The hydroxyl and carboxyl, belonging to auxochromic groups, were oxidized into the carbonyl and ester groups. Also, there were plenty of auxochromic groups and chromophoric groups in the acetone extractives of silver chain.

结果］刺槐在预处理条件下，丙酮抽出物成分发生了变化，羟基、羧基等助色基团在预处理条件下氧化成羰基、酯基等发色基团，且丙酮抽出物的主要成分中含有大量发色基团和助色基团。

Surface waxes of the pericarp were observed by scanning electron microscopy; the structure and composition of cell wall were studied using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy respectively; the changes of calcium in the cell wall were determined by atomic absorption and the integrity of cell membrane by conductivity meter respectively.

本论文采用扫描电子显微镜研究果实表皮蜡层的变化，用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究果实细胞壁结构和成分的变化，用原子吸收分光光度计测定细胞壁钙离子的变化，用电导率仪检测果实细胞的完整性。同时测定了果实酚类物质含量、多酚氧化酶(EC 1.10.3.1)活性、过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)活性，并分析了果实硬度、糖和酸含量等品质指标。

①Rat MSC and VSMC were cultured and identified, respectively. MSC were labeled with DAPI firstly, and then co-cultivated with VSMC. The changes of morphology and ultrastructure of co-cultured cells were observed. Immunfluorescence analysis was performed by using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen.②We established the regulatable system in two steps: a stable MSC line expressing rtTA has been constructed and characterized firstly by transfected with pUHD 17-1hyg and then selected by hygromycin B; in a second step, this line was used for trandfer the AT2R gene to MSC to get the well establishing double stable MSC lines;③The expression of AT2R regulated by doxycycline was evaluated by western blot;④The MSCs were transduced into rat carotid arteries with regulatable AT2R gene after the establishment of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model. The intimal/medial area ratio were measured by digital analysis system.

研究方法：(1)密度梯度离心法及胶原酶消化法分别培养原代大鼠MSC及VSMC，细胞共培养并行免疫荧光化学染色和透射电镜观察超微结构；(2)组成受Dox调控的哺乳动物表达系统的四种成分的转化、扩增及提纯并酶切鉴定；(3)采用常规分子生物学方法连续两个回合转染体外培养的MSC，并分别采用发光计检测不同细胞克隆萤光素酶活性改变以及RT-PCR方法检测AT2R目的基因mRNA表达情况，根据各个细胞克隆受Dox调控表达的程度，选择低背景、高诱导表达AT2R的细胞系，作为双重稳定MSC细胞系；蛋白免疫印迹法观察该细胞系在Dox调控下AT2R表达的时相性、持续性及在不同浓度Dox调控下的表达情况；(4)建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤动物模型，将双重稳定MSC在术中导入血管，分别于14 d、28 d进行病理切片，检测可调控AT2R对新生内膜增生的影响；采用RT-PCR免疫组织化学免疫荧光等技术观察AT2R基因在新生内膜中的表达以及细胞外基质成分表达的改变，TUNEL法检测血管组织中细胞凋亡的变化情况。

The program of AER+RES was similar to AER, but went through resistance exercise 20min in base section of every exercise trail.Result: Prior to intervention, adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with BMI、 WHR、 COS、 LN、 LN、 TG、 LG10、 LN、 weight、 waist、 FM、%F, and leptin levels were significantly correlated with BMI、 WHR 、 LN 、 LN 、 TG 、 HDL-C 、 LG10、 apoB 、 apoA1/apoB、 waist、 F1M、%F. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that LG10; COS and waist was an predictor of basal adiponectin levels , and %F,apoB and WHR was an predictor of basal leptin levels. In early obesity, adiponectin and leptin can be worsened , along with the changed of body component, fasting plasm glucose and lipid accumulation. After intervention, both group were significantly reduction in FM,%F,weight, WHR,FPG and TG, while HDL-C had significantly increased.AER exhibited significant in leptin, while AER+RES did not show the change. Insulin and HOMA-IR were changed in both groups. The control group exhibited no significant change in any variables. Although adiponectin levels were unchanged in the three groups, a significant negativecorrelation between delta %F, delta WHR and delta FPG was observed. Futhermore, if compare the degree of delta weight, we fought a significant increased in adiponectin between the group of delta weight higher (=3kg) than delta weight lower(=0kg), delta %F, delta WHR and delta weight were significant negative correlation with delta leptin.

结果：绝经妇女脂联素水平与体重指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、LEP、TG、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗指数、体重、腰围、体脂含量、体脂百分比显著相关；瘦素水平与BMI、WHR、FINS、LEP、TG、HDL-C、VLDL-C、载脂蛋白B、apoA1／apoB、腰围、FM、％F等指标显著相关；多元逐步回归分析显示LG10、COS和腰围是基线脂联素水平的预测变量，而％F，apoB和WHR是基线瘦素水平的预测变量；在肥胖前期，脂联素、瘦素已经出现明显不良变化，同时也伴随着体成分、空腹血糖和血脂的异常；运动实验后，两个运动组的FM、％F、体重、WHR、FPG、TG都显著下降，而HDL-C显著上升；AER组瘦素显著下降，而AER+RES组则没有显著变化；两组的胰岛素和HOMA-IR水平都有显著下降；对照组所有指标都没有明显变化；尽管运动后脂联素水平没有显著变化，但是脂联素变化量与％F、WHR和血糖变化量显著负相关，而且如果按照运动后体重下降的程度比较，则体重下降大(≥3kg)的受试者比下降小的(≤0kg)脂联素水平有明显升高；运动后瘦素水平的变化量与％F，WHR及体重的变化量显著负相关。

Based on the changes in the spectrum characters of guest molecules producedthrough inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrins, we have carried out two aspects of investigation:First, the mechanisms for the host-guest recognition reactions have been studied, such as the interactions between 3-CD and curcumin, the main constituent of the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa, the recognition of p-CD towards rubidate, the effective component of the Chinese traditional medicine madder, and the reactions of p-CD towards the antileprotic drug dapsone and the antiinflammatory drug nabumetone: The formation of supramolecular complex between P-CD and guest molecule has been discussed and verified in virtue of multitudinous means such asultraviolet-visible absorption, fluorescence emission, infrared spectrogram and so on. The influence of addition of linear alcohols on the supramolecular system has been studied and the reason why the noncovalent interactions in the three-component system could result in a decrease in the apparent association constant of the inclusion complex has been revealed.

本论文基于环糊精对被包结客体光谱性质的改变，开展了两大方面的研究：β-环糊精对姜黄属植物根茎主要成分—姜黄素、中药茜草有效成分—茜草双酯、抗麻风药物氨苯砜及抗炎药物萘丁美酮的主-客体识别反应机制研究：借助超分子包合物的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱或红外吸收光谱等手段，通过多种方法探讨并验证了超分子包合物的形成；研究了直链醇的加入对超分子体系的影响，揭示了三元体系中非共价相互作用导致超分子包合物表观结合常数降低的原因：对超分子包结反应进行了热动力学研究，探讨了各热动力学参数的变化趋势并从熵焓互补的角度考察了超分子包结过程；通过荧光猝灭实验进一步揭示了水相中β-环糊精增敏客体荧光的本质原因，从而为超分子化学提供新的理论和研究方法。

At the same time, most WDR neurons failedto respond to the light brush applied to the receptive fields, but they couldbe intensively excited by the noxious pinch.(5) The latency of the latedischarges was shortened from 118.83 ± 3.67ms to 50.72 ± 1.36ms (n〓32, P〓0. 01).(6) Preceding graded number of A〓fiber conditioning inputs (〓mA, 100 μs) delayed the C-activity evoked by the following nociceptive teststimulus activating both A- and C-fiber applied to the sciatic nerve. The latedischarges decreased from 9.29 ± 0.97 to 6.71 ± 0.68 with the A-fiberconditioning stimulus increasing from 1 to 5 (n〓8, P〓0. 05).(7) The intervalbetween the conditioning stimulus and test stimulus (C-T interval) wasincreasing, the inhibition tended to plateau off. At shorter time intervalsthe inhibition became more effective. When C-T interval was limited in 50ms,the inhibitory effects was the strongest, here, the late discharges reducedfrom 12.57±1.21to 2.29±0.42 (n=11, P＜0. 01).(8) Behavior research showedthat the rat model of snake venom exhibited neuropathic pain with heathyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia, which corresponding to the acuteelectrophysiological findings.

此时轻刷WDR神经元的感受野不能引起其活动改变，但伤害性齿镊夹捏仍可引起WDR神经元放电增多；〓5〓晚成分放电的潜伏期缩短，即宁静期的时程变短，由给蛇毒前的118.83〓3.67ms降至50.72〓1.36ms〓n〓32，P〓0.01〓；〓6〓在正常动物，如果预先给予只激活A纤维的弱条件电刺激〓mA，100μs〓可抑制随后的伤害性检验刺激所诱发的WDR神经元的晚成分放电，当条件刺激个数从1增加至5时，每次伤害性检验刺激所诱发的晚成分放电数从9.29〓0.97个降至6.71〓0.68个〓n〓8，P〓0.05〓；〓7〓固定条件刺激数为1个，当条件刺激与检验刺激之间的间隔增大时，A纤维条件刺激对WDR神经元晚成分放电的抑制作用逐渐减弱，当条件刺激与检验刺激之间的间隔在50 ms以内时，抑制效应最为显著，此时，晚成分放电数由正常时的12.57〓1.21个降至2.29〓0.42个〓n〓11，P〓0.01〓；〓8〓与急性研究中的WDR神经元电活动的变化结果相匹配，利用蛇毒制备的大鼠模型在行为学上表现为热痛觉过敏、冷觉的痛性感觉异常及机械痛觉过敏等慢性痛症状。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。