等径的

Analyzed on the tunnels that used EPB method in different soils, the more logical three-dimensional finite element model is based, which can reality represented the soil transfiguration. 3 Due to the engineering example, a 3D FEM simulation model was founded. The model was used to study the rules of soil deformation and surface settlement during shield tunneling. 4 The characteristics of loess include the module, conglutination force and inner friction angle of the loess, affected the soil deformation. 5 The influence factors to the surface settlements such as the depth of soil, the outer diameter of the shield tunnel, the released stress at the cutting face, the fill ratio of the shield tail void, pouring-slurry press, thrusts and lengths of shield and digging steps were studied using the FEM method. References is brought forward in the loess areas of Xi'an was proposed.

通过对不同土质条件下盾构法进行地铁隧道施工的有限元分析，全面反映盾构推进对土体变形的影响情况； 3根据有关勘测资料，建立合理的盾构法施工三维非线性有限元模型，对盾构法施工引起的地层变位和地表位移情况进行计算，分析了盾构施工引起的地层变形规律和地面沉降规律； 4研究了黄土特性(地基模量、粘聚力和内摩擦角)对盾构法施工中土体变形的影响； 5利用三维有限元对盾构施工过程中影响地面沉降的因素(覆土厚度、隧道外径、开挖面压力变化量、注浆压力、盾尾空隙填充率、开挖步长、盾构机的长度和推进力等)进行研究，为今后西安地区地铁的建设提供参考。

Producted RF and CRF aerogels by process of sol-gel technics, dynamic-exchange, CO2 supercritical drying, and procedural increase in temperature carbonization methods, which have eximious capability and nanometer network structure; Systemic analysis various factors which effect gel course, such as ratio of reactants and the dosage of catalyst, and probed into the better experiments conditions(the concentration of resorcinol and formaldehyde is more than 2% and the value of R/C is between 50 and 300); During gel course , primary investigated the viscosity curve and particle size distribution of sol-solution, and analyzed the reason of catalyst dosage effects particle size of gel, and confirmed that the up-growth of gel follows the theory of " polymerize increase ".The experiment results indicated that ultrasonic with unvarying temperature disposal shortened gel time and optimized quality of gels, and the factors of ultrasonic effect gel reaction velocity were analyzed; Prepared organic aerogels using compounds of resorcin and hydroquinone substitute resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde the first time, and also optimized the proportion of resorcinol and hydroquinone (the proportion of hydroquinone in 10%～40%).

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺结合动态溶剂交换、CO2超临界流体干燥与程序升温碳化方法制备出性能优良、具有纳米网络结构的RF与CRF气凝胶；深入研究了反应物配比催化剂用量等条件对凝胶过程的影响，得到了较佳的RF凝胶制备条件(RF浓度应大于2%，R/C值取50～300)；初步研究了凝胶过程中的粘度、粒径变化情况，分析了催化剂用量影响凝胶中粒子尺度的原因，在实验上印证了凝胶生长遵循"聚增长"的理论；通过引入超声波改进了RF气凝胶的制备工艺，缩短了凝胶反应时间，提高了凝胶品质，并探讨了超声波促进RF凝胶反应作用的原因；首次用对苯二酚与间苯二酚复配制备了混合有机气凝胶，优化出复配比(对苯二酚含量为10%～40%)。2。

The influence of impeller type, baffle configuration and gas sparger on critical suspension speed of floating particle s in an agitated vessel was investigated.

在釜径 386 mm的搅拌釜内，考察了搅拌桨型、挡板和气体分布器等对自浮颗粒三相搅拌混合的临界搅拌转速的影响，并回归了实用的关联式，这对工业过程的设计和放大具有一定的指导意义

In this thesis, several kinds of spherical curvature measurement methods are introduced, and the "arch-high and chord-length method" is selected after introduction of the existing methods, and then the novel type of instrument for measuring spherical curvature with the variable ring is developed. In research, the grating sensor, integrated circuits and other new technologies are adopted and integrated. As a result of this, Its specific technical indicator is 0.1um in absolute accuracy, 0.01% in relative accuracy, and 0.001% in repeat accuracy.

本文首先对几种球面曲率半径的测量系统进行了深入的理论分析，在分析了各个测量方法优缺点的基础上，选用了"弓高弦长法"的测量原理，并从理论上推导了本文所述系统的可行性，采用光栅传感器、集成电路等新技术成果，将机械、电子技术、计算机技术以及传感器技术有机结合，研制出一种新型的可变径球面曲率测量仪器。

Methods Nineteen bone impacted and unerupted teeth in 18 cases selected by orthopantomograph were scanned by 3DX-CT with 1.0 mm slice thickness. Images obtained by 3DX-CT (horizontally, sagittally, coronally) were analyzed after multi-plane reconstruction and 3D reconstruction including the angle of the bone axis impacted and unerupted teeth; maximum radius of the coronal teeth; distances between the tooth and the cortical bone around; distances to the neighboring tooth roots and nerve forum canal; the thickness of the bone tissue, etc.

对经曲面断层片筛选出的18例19枚埋伏牙进行牙科三维CT检查，扫描层厚1.0mm，重建后进行图像三维断面显示（包括水平位，矢状位，冠状位），对牙位图像进行分析及测量（包括埋伏牙牙长轴的角度，牙根弯曲度，牙冠的最大径，与骨皮质的距离，与邻牙根、神经孔／管的距离；骨质的厚度、高度等）。

The emulsifiers used were compounded systems composed of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Other conditions such as initiator, reaction temperature, and the amount of MAA also influenced the properties of the latices.

同时，软硬单体比例、具有亲水功能的甲基丙烯酸MAA单体的用量、反应温度和引发剂的用量等对胶乳的粒径和应用后织物的性能都有不同程度的影响。

A kind of spherical microporous silica was synthesized by precipitation with the tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica precursor and the block ploymer P_(123 as a template. The characterizations by the BET, FSEM and XRD showed that the spherical microporous silica has diameter of 3～4 μm, amorphous pore size of 0.9～1 nm and the specific area of 216±

以正硅酸乙酯作硅源，嵌段共聚物为模板剂，采用沉淀法合成均匀的实心球形二氧化硅微孔材料，BET、FSEM和XRD等表面分析手段表征表明，我们合成的二氧化硅微孔材料具有3～4μm的粒径和不规则分布的0.9～1nm的孔径以及216±3.5m2/g的比表面积。

The main research work includes:(1) To analyze the structure of 165F, explain the technical difficulty of indirect injection and the solution way from many aspects include of the shape and arrangement of combustion chamber, organizing of inlet air swirl, selection of injector and so on.

主要研究内容包括：(1)分析165F的结构，从燃烧室的形状与布置、进气涡流的组织、喷油器选择以及诸因素的匹配等方面说明小缸径柴油机直喷化的技术难点以及解决的方法。

On the basis of the masteries for the aluminum oxide ore pulp drying and calcination, a mathematical model was developed for simulating the process of heat transfer and the calcination of two-phase flow in a new type furnace designed by Zhongzhou Branch Company, China Aluminium Corporation Limited. The fields of velocity, temperature and pressure of the two-phase flow and the reaction time were gained by optimizing calculation under the condition of different operational parameters and geometric parameters. The effect of vent position velocity and atomization particle diameter on the drying and calcination technology of aluminum oxide ore pulp was discussed.

在了解氧化铝矿浆干燥、烧成工艺及设备的基础上，针对中国铝业股份有限公司中州分公司开发的一种新的氧化铝矿浆干燥和烧成炉，建立了矿浆干燥、烧成炉内气固两相流的流动传热以及烧成过程的数学模型，就干燥、烧成炉运行参数及各几何参数进行优化计算，得出了炉内气固两相流动的速度场、温度场、压力场以及颗粒干燥和烧成反应时间，并分析讨论了喷口位置、喷口速度、颗粒雾化粒径等参数对氧化铝矿浆干燥、烧成工艺的影响。

From the results, relationship between swelling ratio and intrinsic viscosity, diameter and aspect ratio of spinnerets as well as the extrusion temperature and shear rate are discussed which has great meaning in lay down processing conditi...

根据实验结果讨论了物料的特性粘度、喷丝孔直径、喷丝孔长径比、挤出温度和剪切速率等与出口膨化比的关系。所发现的规律对高粘度聚酯纺丝实际生产工艺条件的制订和喷丝板的设计是有价值的。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。