等值线

From the relationship between boundary lines and unclosed contours,the topologic structure among contours can be built and stored in a tree structure.

本文提出一种基于格网的等值线跟踪，适用于任意边界分割的快速充填算法，实现充填的矢量化效果。

Chapter 3, Analyse the focal point and the difficult point of the unit visualization of discrete element method.

第四章主要对离散元等值线，云图的可视化方法进行了分析说明。

GPS ; quasi-geoid ; normal height ; precise model ; isoline of height anomaly ; deflection of the vertical

GPS ；似大地水准面；正常高；精化模型；高程异常等值线；垂线偏差

With k- e turbulent model and wall function presented by Launder and Spalding, numerical results of viscous resistance coefficient, isoplethic maps of velocity and stress contributions areobtained.

采用k-ε紊流模式及Launder和Spalding提出的壁函数进行数值模拟，得到了该双尾船船体粘性阻力及速度、切应力的等值线分布等结果。

This article introduces the weighted mean method to carry on theisohyet line.

本文还引入距离加权平均法入行降雨等值线的绘制。

After that, a numerical model about Zhejiang shore tide is established by mike21 program. After validating the good agreement between simulated results and observed ones, the planar hydrodynamic flow of this ocean area is analysed in detail. Then co-tidal and co-range chart of each main tide is drew based on the computational result. It can be found that each co-tidal and co-range chart that is based on the simulated result is suitable to the co-tidal and co-range chart that is deduced from autoptical data, besides, the modle co-tidal and co-range chart can perfect the co-tidal and co-range chart from autoptical data where autoptical data is too hard to get .

在这之后，使用MIKE21水动力模块建立起浙江近海海域潮波模型，在模型潮位、潮流流速流向验证均合理的基础上，分析了计算得到的二维水动力流场，最后将模拟结果绘制出浙江近海M2、S2、N2、K1、O1主要分潮的同潮时图，并将其与实测同潮时图比较，发现各分潮等振幅线及同潮时线相同或相近值的等值线位置及走势基本一致，而且模拟得到的同潮时图对实测资料覆盖不到的海区做了适当补充。

Based on the intensity attenuation model, we have proposed the Grid Searching of Trial Source Location method for estimating earthquake magnitudes and bounding epicentral regions, and the confidence value of contours are also calculated.

在衰减模型基础之上，发展了确定震中区域和震级的网格搜索试算方法，并给出了确定震中位置和震级的等值线置信值。

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

In this study, the isograms of groundwater depth show that the depth of groundwater near the yellow river is deeper and near the sea and the interfluvial lowlands is shallower in the typical region.

采用surfer软件绘制的地下水埋深等值线图显示地下水埋深的分布规律为沿黄河河道附近地下水埋深较深，滨海以及河间洼地为地下水浅埋区。

The main findings in this thesis are as follows:(1) Through the algebraic analyzing of the hydrologic map and the analysis and processing of the digital image, one could learn the knowledgement of the electronic map and digital image.

主要成果如下：(1)通过水文等值线图的代数分析、数字图像本质分析，加深了对电子地图和数字图像的认识。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。