等位的

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

Based on theanalysis of topology structure of parallel mechanisms and using differential topology anddifferential manifolds as mathematical tools, we propose a new classification method. Thismethod classifies singularities of parallel mechanisms into two basic types, i.e. topologysingularity and parameterization singularity. This kind of classification has clear physical andmathematical meaning and fully reveals the characteristic of configuration space of parallelmechanisms.

采用微分拓扑和微分流形等现代数学工具，在对并联机构位形空间的拓扑结构进行分析的基础上，提出了一种新的奇异位形的分类方法，即把奇异位形分为拓扑奇异位形、参数化奇异位形两种类型，这种分类方法充分体现了并联机构位形空间的特点，具有十分明确的物理和数学意义。

A series of products have been put on the market which include mainly gamma-Hexalactone, gamma-Heptalactone, Whisky lactone, 4-hexen-3-one, fenchyl alcohol and rosemary antioxidant, shikimic acid and so on.

目前已规模化生产的香料产品有丙位已内酯、丙位庚内酯、威士忌内酯、4-己烯-3-酮和葑醇等。批量生产迷迭香抗氧化剂、罗汉果甜苷、莽草酸等植物提取物。

On the bases of a solid solution hardening model, and considering the solubility of isoelectronic impurities in InP crystals and the elastic misfit arised from the differences of the tetrahedral radii between added impurities and host atoms, the pinning forces as large as 〓 have been obtained for isoelectronic impurities in InP.

以InP单晶中的等电子杂质为例，根据固溶强化模型，考虑了等电子杂质在InP单晶中的溶解度以及掺入杂质与基质原子之间共价半径之差引起的弹性失配，计算了这些杂质在InP中对位错的钉扎力可达10〓～10〓达因/厘米〓，从而很好地解释了等电子杂质降低位错密度的作用。

It's shown that Carex stenocarpa, Polygonum viviparum, Kobresia capillifolia and Festuca ovina's niche breadth are wider; Potentilla sp., Polygonum viviparum, Geranium pratense and others' niche breadth are more narrow. The former belong to extensive species, it is high in adapting to soil acid and salification, the latter belong to equilibrium species, it's adaptability is weaker than the former.

结果表明，细果苔草、珠芽寥、线叶嵩草、羊茅等建群种和优势种的生态位最宽，适应土壤酸碱和盐渍化能力强，为泛化种；委陵菜、千叶蓍、草原老鹤草等伴生种生态位窄，适应酸碱和盐渍化能力弱，为特化种。

We have studiedthe coordination water-substituted reactions and the phase-transferchemistry of dozens of trinuclear or tetranuclear sandwich-typePOMs and found that organic molecules or polymers can becoordinated to these polyanions after dehydration, thus more thanone hundred coordinated products are obtained, indicating that thesepolyanions are excellent ligands in organic solvents.

我们首次对夹心三、四核等几十种化合物中配位水进行了配位水取代反应及相转移化学研究，脱水后可配位有机分子或有机高分子，得到上百种配位产物，因此在有机溶剂中它们是优秀的配体。

Meanwhile, positive human sera of HCV challenged vaccina ted monkeys after 6 weeks immunized, ALT value rose transiently in monkeys vacci nated by PCX. It was positive in monitoring RNA of HCV using RT-PCR in monkey s era. The result demonstrated that Rhesus monkey immunized by multi-epitope PCX could elicit high-level immune responses.

近年来，由于多表位抗原概念的兴起，在针对EB，HIV等病毒感染的疫苗研究中引入了多表位抗原疫苗［门，这种思路使对HCV疫苗的研究有了新的切入点，F.r.i［'］等用 HCV.H77株 E蛋白的多个表位所制备的兔血清与HCV

With regard to the lack of corresponding entity right backing for "execute the third party" according to the procedure law in current Chinese creditor"s subrogation system;the inconsistence between the entity law and the procedure law for the conditions to exercise creditor"s subrogation;the obscure effect of the exercising of the creditor"s subrogation;the indefiniteness of right and status of the parties in the subrogation proceeding and so on,it is suggested that amend the civil code,confine the creditor"s subrogation system,coordinate the rules in entity law and procedure law related to the debtees" to exercise their subrogation,define the creditor"s subrogation,the right and obligation of related parties in the procedure,perfect the rules in procedure law in order to provide proceeding procedure security for the realization of the creditors subrogation.

并针对我国现行债权人代位权制度在程序法中&执行第三人&缺乏相应实体权利依据、实体法与程序法有关债权人代位权行使条件规定不一致、债权人行使代位权效力不清、当事人在代位权诉讼中的地位和权利不明确等诸多缺欠，提出了制定民法典确定债权人代位权制度、协调实体法和程序法中关于债权人行使代位权的规定、明确债权人代位权诉讼相关当事人的权利义务、完善程序法规定为债权人代位权实现提供诉讼程序保障的意见。

The company's main products are: single-color boiler water level gauge glass, quartz glass single two-color series of water level table; Maglev Series Direct Reading and Remote Level Gauge, magnetostrictive liquid level meter, electrode contact point and dual-listed water level gauge, inductive level sensors, external ultrasonic level gauge and a variety of liquid level sensor transmitter and control Alarm, etc. more than 10 types of level instrumentation.

公司的主要产品有：玻璃板单双色锅炉水位计、石英玻璃管式单双色系列水位表；磁浮式系列直读和远传液位计、磁致伸缩液位计、电极点及双联系列水位计、电感式水位传感器、外置式超声波液位计以及各种液位传感变送器，控制报警仪等十多个种类的物位仪表。

There are four typical systems of representation in Canada: per stirpes, American hybrid, per capita representation, and per capita at each generation.

目前加拿大具有代表性的四种规则是：按家系代位继承、美国式混合代位继承、按人数代位继承，以及各亲等中按人数代位继承。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！