等位的

His major works and commissions include: ' Three Temperaments , for Big Choir ' (1986), ' Counterpoint of Times , for woodwind septet ' (1989), ' Wild Children , for mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (1993), ' Overture , for solo Chinese bass drum and Chinese winds and percussion band ' (1994), ' Intonation , for chamber orchestra ' (1990-1994), ' Flavour of Bashu , for two violins, piano and percussion ' (1995), ' Pole , for solo Chinese Yun-luo, Chinese pai-gu and Chinese bass drum with six percussionists ' (1996),commissioned by Japan Asian Percussion Ensemble, ' Symphonic Prelude --- Bashu Capriccio' (1996), 'The Song Without Words , for solo percussion ' (1997), commissioned by the Ministry of Culture of Japan, Japanese Contemporary Music Association, and Japanese Embassy in China,'Illusions of the Symphonic Stage of Tang Dynast y , for orchestra of Tang Dynasty, percussion, voices and a big choir '(1999), commissioned by Japanese No Music Guanshiliu Green Spring Association, Chinese Music Research Center in Japan, Japanese Asian Percussion Ensemble and Japanese-Chinese Cultural Exchange Association,'The Prospect of Colored Desert , for violin, cello, sheng, pipa and percussion '(2000),commissioned by Yo-Yo Ma, Silk Road Project Inc. of the U.S., Sony Record,'Three Movements of Autumn , for small Chinese instruments ensembl e'(2000) and ' Sound Games , for 5 Chinese Percussion Instruments Players ' (2000-01), commissioned by La Cité de la Musique, Paris "2000 Chinese Classical Music Series", ' Fusion I , for Mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (2002), commissioned by Holland New Ensemble and Atlas Ensemble, ' Fusion II , Concerto for Solo Chinese Percussion and Orch.' (2002), commissioned by Japanese–Chinese Committee of Friendship and Public Music Performance, and ' Fusion III , for Irish flute, accordion, bodhran, Chinese sheng, zheng, Percussion and 13 Strings with Chamber Choir.' (2003-04), commissioned by China-Ireland Exchange Program, ' The Three Images from Washing Painting , for chamber ensemble of 17 players '(2005) commissioned by the New Juilliard Ensemble for the special concert of the Juilliard Centennial and sponsored by Asian Cultural Council and the Guggenheim Partnership and 'The Butterfly Dream', new 7 scenes Opera inspired by KUN QU' (2007) commissioned by the Contemporary Legend Theatre, Taiwan etc.

主要作品及委约包括：《三种气质，无伴奏合唱》(1986)、《时间的对位，木管七重奏》（1989）、《野娃子，混合室内乐队与童声》(1993)、《对话，男声独唱，女高音，童声合唱团，混声合唱团与混合乐队》(1993-94)、《序鼓，独奏中国大鼓、排鼓、云锣与中国民间吹打乐队》（1994）、《吟，室内交响乐》（1990-1994）、《蜀韵，两支小提琴、钢琴与打击乐》（1995）、《极，独奏中国云锣、大鼓、排鼓与六位打击乐演奏家》（1996）、《巴蜀随想，交响序曲》（1996）、《无词歌，打击乐独奏》（1997）（日本国文化厅、日本现代音乐协会、日本国驻中国领事馆等联合委约）、《梦的交响舞台，唐代乐队，打击乐，人声与合唱团》（1999）（日本能乐观世流绿泉会、日本中国音乐勉强会、日本亚洲打击乐团、日中文化交流协会等联合委约）、《舞蹈组曲，大型管弦乐队》(1999)、《漠墨图，小提琴、大提琴、笙、琵琶与打击乐》（2000）（马友友、美国丝绸之路文化发展公司、日本Sony唱片等联合委约）、《秋三阕，9位中国乐器演奏家》（2000）、《响趣，5位中国打击乐器演奏家》（2000）（法国巴黎音乐城"2000中国古典音乐系列音乐会"委约）、《融I ，混合室内乐团》（2002）（荷兰 New Ensemble， Atlas Ensemble联合委约）、《融II ，打击乐协奏曲》（2002）（日本日中友好音乐公演委员会委约）、《融III ，爱尔兰笛子、手风琴、巴朗鼓，中国笙、筝，打击乐，13件弦乐器以及室内合唱团》（2003-04）（爱尔兰国家文化委员会、爱中2004文化交流年组委会委约）、《水墨画意三则，为17位演奏家的室内乐团》（2005）（美国朱丽亚音乐学院新室内乐团委约，美国亚洲文化基金会和美国古根海姆基金支助）及《梦蝶，七场新昆剧》（2007）等。

Asymmetric over-introgression of the indica alleles on chromosome 7 and many specific regions on other chromosomes in the japonica genetic background is consistent with the general trend observed in the RIL and F_2 populations of the same cross, suggesting a high genetic load in the japonica gene pool, and japonica genome experienced a very severe bottleneck by artificial domestication.2 Genetic background effect on QTL expression of grain weight and its related traitsGenetic background effect on main-effect QTL and digenic epistatic QTL mapping for GWT and its related traits including GL, GW and GT was dissected by a large set of reciprocal introgression lines and recombinant inbred lines derived from Lemont and Teqing in Beijing environment.

籼粳相互导入具有不对称性，粳稻向籼稻背景的平均导入频率与期望值相仿，相反籼稻向粳稻背景的平均导入频率大大高于理论预期，位于第7染色体和一些其它染色体的特殊区段存在籼稻等位基因的超导入现象，在来自相同亲本的重组自交系和F_2群体中也观察到同样的导入趋势，表明粳稻基因组具有较大的遗传负荷，粳稻品种在人工驯化过程中曾经历过一个非常剧烈的遗传瓶颈。2水稻籽粒相关性状的主效和互作QTL表达的遗传背景效应利用Lemont和特青培育的双向导入系和重组自交系群体，在北京环境下定位影响千粒重及其相关性状如粒长、粒宽和粒厚的主效和互作QTL，分别在特青背景导入系、Lemont背景导入系和重组自交系下检测到影响千粒重及其相关性状的主效QTL分别为33个、27个和13个，互作QTL分别为4个、8个和23个，其中仅有6个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGl1，QGl3b，QGl4，QGw7和QGw8)在籼粳两个不同背景下共同表达，3个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGwt7a和QGt5)在导入系和重组自交系中共同表达，分别占检测到影响这些性状QTL总数的11.1%和4.3%，未检测到在3个背景下相同表达的互作QTL。

The HMW-GS genetic analysis of 18 hybridized F1 and F2 and backcrossed BC1F1 and BC1F11 by using SDS-PAGE method shows:(1) The band patterns of HMW-GS, having the genetic characteristics of variety stability, were genetically controlled but not affected by environmental factors.

Glu-1位点上的HMW-GS变异对蛋白质含量的影响不显著，蛋白质含量的多少受HMW-GS等位变异的影响较小。在小麦品质育种过程当中，通过改变HMW-GS组成的方式来提高杂交后代的蛋白质含量是不可取的。

The plum-apricot germplasm resources were analyzed by RAPD markers. The results showed that plum-apricot was more close to the related species with low polymorphism. The clustering results were indicated that most plum-apricots were more close to Chinese plum with the similarity of morphological description, thus the female parent for plum-apricot was probably plum in the occurrence naturally. The result of S allele-specific PCR amplification showed that plum-apricot had only one band with the similarity with plum, thus evolution similarity of plum-apricot was more close to plum than apricot.

5对参试杏梅种质资源的RAPD分析表明，杏梅与其近缘种之间亲缘关系较近，多态性相对较少；聚类分析结果显示大部分的杏梅与中国李的遗传距离较近，与形态学上的描述基本一致，因此杏梅种质资源在自然界中产生时，其母本可能为李；同时S等位基因的扩增结果显示杏梅与李的扩增条数一致，都为一条，因此推断杏梅与李的进化趋同性可能较杏更近。

Texas History Museum cattle model - Texas long horn is produced in Texas early signs of products The predominantly agricultural, Texas, the state 80% of the farm land and pastures, is the nation's largest agricultural state, is the major cotton-producing regions of the United States, cotton production in the first one states, rice, sorghum, grapes, watermelons, peanuts and agricultural output also ranks the forefront; Angola wool production in the United States accounted for 95%, 60% of the world's total output.

得克萨斯州史博物馆的牛模型——得克萨斯州出产的长牛角是得州早年标志性产品得克萨斯原以农业为主，全州80％的土地是农场和牧场，是美国最大的农业之州，也是美国主要产棉区，棉花产量列美国各州的第一位，稻米、高梁、葡萄、花生和西瓜等农产品的产量也居前列；安哥拉羊毛产量占美国总产量的95％，世界总产量的60％。

The company has independently developed, development, production of the products have six series, more than 400 varieties, including: wire and cable series: high-temperature compensation wire, control cables, fire-retardant cables, anti-corrosion cable, power cable, 6 ~ 110KV crosslinked power cables, computer cables, silicon rubber cables, high temperature cables, fire-resistant cables, low smoke low halogen, low smoke zero halogen cables, such as the main cable tray; Temperature Instrument Series: ITS900 in line with the International Temperature Scale and IEC standards A, B-grade Thermocouple , Explosion-proof Temperature Transmitter integration, intelligent all-input temperature transmitter; Pressure / Differential Pressure Meter Series: general pressure gauges, precision pressure gauges, pressure / differential pressure switch, the general stress / Differential Pressure Transmitter, 1151 , 3051 smart capacitive pressure / differential pressure transmitter; Level Instrument Series: glass / glass level gauge, quartz glass tube liquid level, the electric-contact level gauge, magnetic liquid level transmitter, magnetic liquid level switch, input-type hydrostatic liquid level transmitter, liquid level transmitter float electricity, etc.; Flow Meters Series: All English Intelligent Vortex Flowmeter, Turbine Flowmeter; Display Instrument Series: Intelligent Control LED digital display device, Intelligent LCD screen controlled device, Guangzhu instructions figures, such as conditioning Alarm.

公司自主研制、开发、生产的产品主要有六大系列、400多个品种，其中有：电线电缆系列：高温补偿导线、控制电缆、阻燃电缆、防腐电缆、电力电缆、6～110KV交联电力电缆、计算机电缆、硅橡胶电缆、高温电缆、耐火电缆、低烟低卤、低烟无卤电缆主电缆桥架等；温度仪表系列：符合ITS900国际温标和IEC标准的A、B级热电偶，防爆型一体化温度变送器、智能全输入温度变送器；压力/差压仪表系列：一般压力表、精密压力表、压力/差压开关、普通压力/差压变送器，1151、3051智能电容式压力/差压变送器；液位仪表系列：玻璃管/玻璃板液位计、石英玻璃管液位计、电接点液位计、磁性液位变送器、磁性液位开关、投入式静压液位变送器、电浮筒液位变送器等；流量仪表系列：全中文智能涡街流量计、涡轮流量计；显示仪表系列：智能LED数字显示调节控制仪、智能LCD界面显示调节控制仪、光柱指示数字显示调节报警仪等。

The genetic study suggested that the carbendazim-resistance in these mutants could be steadily inherited by asexual and selfed reproduction, and the resistance was controlled by the same single major gene both in laboratory mutants and field resistant isolates, the different levels of resistance or the same resistant level in different strains maybe conferred by mutations at different sites or one site with different allelic mutations. The gene compensates for the sensitivity to MDPC was allelic to that governs the carbendazim resistance, but the mutation for increasing sensitivity to MDPC in this gene could get the pathogen highly resistant to carbendazim.

抗药性遗传研究表明，在所研究的抗药突变体中，抗药性在自交和无性繁殖后代中能稳定遗传；室內抗药突变体和田间抗药菌株对多菌灵的抗药性由同一个主效基因控制，但它们发生突变的位点不同或者同一碱基位点发生了不同的突变；对MDPC的敏感性也是由单个基因控制的，该基因与控制多菌灵抗性的基因是等位基因，当该基因发生对MDPC的敏感性增加的突变时会使病菌对多菌灵产生高水平抗性。

Mapping quantitative trait loci was undertaken base on the constructed molecular linkage map of this population. Two QTLs (qDR-5 and qDR-12) for drought tolerance were identified, they were in the region of GA41-GA257 on chromosome 5 and RG457-Y12817R on chromosome 12, respectively.

利用该群体的分子连锁图谱进行数量性状座位区间作图分析，共检测到2个耐旱的QTL(qDT-5和qDT-12)，分别位于第5染色体的GA41-GA257之间和第12染色体的RG457-Y12817R之间，这两个QTL的加性效应均来自ZYQ8的等位基因。

It is shown that PTDT is a robust and valid approach for mapping QTL of threshold traits. Moreover, PTDT is powerful for marker with multiple alleles and multiple tightly linked markers, too. From the results of simulation on quantitative traits, following conclusions can be derived.

结果表明：(1)PTDT是一个稳健的QTL定位分析方法，在各种参数组合下，其假阳性概率(1型错误)都在设定的显著性水平附近；(2)PTDT不仅可以检测到效应较大的QTL，而且对效应较小的QTL检验功效依然很高；(3)对各种状态1发生率的阈性状PTDT检验功效也很高；(4)对利用多等位基因标记、多个紧密连锁的标记的QTL定位，PTDT依然是一个高效方法。

As PTDT does in threshold traits, PTDT is valid not only for different QTL effect level, but also for maker with multiple alleles and multiple tightly linked markers.(2) Under an appropriate selection ratio s (in this study, s is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, respectively), the power of PTDT can be improved and the genotying individuals can be decreased using selective genotyping design. However, the power of PTDT is related with population size and population structure, an appropriate selection ratio can be defined by simulation based on the existing data.(3) Among the three transforming methods, mixed-family selection is the best, full-sib selection has same power to mixed-family selection in many parameter combinations, and Estimated Breeding Value selection is inferior to them.

数量性状QTL定位的模拟研究结果表明：(1)数量性状经有效转化后，PTDT对数量性状QTL定位保持了阈性状QTL定位的稳健与高效，对不同效应大小的QTL(10％，30％，50％)PTDT都是一个有效的分析方法；(2)在多等位基因标记、多标记方面，PTDT的检验功效与阐性状分析时一样高效；(3)在合适的选择率下(本研究的分别为0.2，0.4，0.6，0.8，1.0)，选择性基因型测定不仅可以减少基因型测定的数量，而且可以提高PTDT的检验功效，但选择性基因型测定的PTDT检验功效很大程度上与群体大小和结构有关，这个可根据具体情况通过模拟找到一个合适的选择率；(4)三种转化方法的转化效力结果表明，家系内混合家系选择的转化效力最高，家系内全同胞选择次之，估计育种值选择的转化效力较差。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！