等位的

This term describes the establishment of a new population by one or a few individual, resulting in low levels of genetic variation and often a disproportionate number of alleles that are rate in the parent population.

建立者效应描述由一个或几个个体建立新种群，导致低水平的遗传变异和在亲本种群中稀少的等位基因的经常不成比例的数量。

However, there is no residual influence on this probability from the frequency distribution of alleles in the grandparent, or any earlier, population--only that of the parent population.

然而，祖父母或更早期祖先的等位基因频率的分布，对这种平衡被扰乱的概率没有残余影响；只有父母的群体对这种概率有影响。

稀有物种,生境损失和灭绝(V1) Founder effect This term describes the establishment of a new population by one or a few individual, resulting in low levels of genetic variation and often a disproportionate number of alleles that are rate in the parent population.

Genetic bottleneck 建立者效应建立者效应描述由一个或几个个体建立新种群，导致低水平的遗传变异和在亲本种群中稀少的等位基因的经常不成比例的数量。

In chapter 6, seven pairs of diastereoisomers of podophyllum lignans at C4-position, including three pairs of spin labeled compounds, were separated by MEKC with 20mM sodium tetraborate-30mM SDS-10％ 2-propanol (pH=9.5-9.7) within 20min.

第六章：首次利用胶束电动毛细管色谱分离了七对抗癌药物鬼臼类木脂素在C4位的差向异构体，该方法可用来鉴定分析物的纯度、确定自旋标记化合物C4-H的构型等，为研究差向异构体不同的抗癌机制提供检测手段。

Principal factor analysis shows that the first and the second principal factor can classify genus Glycine into two groups which represent subgenus Glycine and subgenus soja.

SSR等位基因的主成分分析结果表明，大豆属中的Glycine亚属和Soja亚属的分类界限是比较明确的，利用第一主成分和第二主成分可较明显地区分开Glycine亚属和Soja亚属。

Mr. Liu Guozheng early years with the German system of highly reputable Guoqin William Hu·×study, emigrated to the United States in 1958 after he studied at Julliard School of Music·×study, the sixties with the twenty-first century×HU Li-Edwards and Simon·many Sakhong Friends of Niger and teacher, has the opportunity to guqin especially Italian Stradivari Stratfordevery detail, such as conduct in-depth analysis, which mastered the identification, repairexperience. 1965 57 Street, 140 in New York opened the violin studio, the history of the United States to become the first Chinese production of a violin and bow, and identification of home.

刘国正先生早年随极具名望的德裔制琴家威廉胡芬雷特学习，1958年移居美国后，在朱丽叶音乐学院师从路易帕辛格学习，二十世纪六十年代与伦勃特胡力兹和塞蒙费尔迪纳多萨空尼亦师亦友，有机会对意大利古琴尤其是斯特拉底瓦里等名琴的每一细节进行深入的剖析，由此掌握了鉴定、修复名琴的丰富经验。1965年在纽约五十七街140号开设小提琴工作室，成为美国有史以来第一位华人提琴和琴弓的制作家、鉴定家。

Software and results were saved in EXCEL for consequent statistic operation and obtaining chromosome patterns. 4 indexes were chose, such as chromosome karyotype, C-band pattern, chromosome behavior and B chromosome for comparative analyses, and adopted SPSS to reconstruct dendrogram. Combined with studies on insect morphology and insect geography, we made a detailed analysis and speculation on the relationship of taxa concerned. Finally we got the conclusions as follows: 1. The number of chromosomes in grasshoppers of Oedipodiae is 2n 〓=23=22+XO. All chromosomes are telocentric chromosomes. Most of the genome formulas are 3L+6M+2S+X and 3

论文选取染色体核型、C-带带型、染色体行为和B染色体这4个方面的指标进行比较分析，运用SPSS系统分析软件建立表达各属和各种之间亲缘关系的系统树，并结合昆虫形态学和昆虫地理学等方面的研究成果，对其亲缘关系进行了比较详细的分析和推测，得出以下结论：一、斑翅蝗科蝗虫的染色体数目都稳定在2n〓=23条，性别决定机制是XO型，染色体均为端部着丝粒，染色体组式以3L+6M+2S+X和3L+7M+1S+X这两种类型为主，即3对大型染色体，6～7对中型染色体和2～3对小型染色体，X染色体以中型为主，在染色体组中主要排列为4～7位。

The Poaceae share a commom and special gametophytic self-incompatibility system, which is under the control of two unlinked loci: S and Z.

已报道自交不亲和禾本植物有着相同的自交不亲和系统，是一种特殊的配子体自交不亲和类型，和单一位点控制的自交不亲和性不同，其不亲和性由非连锁的两个复等位基因位点S和Z控制。

The advances of the composition and function of xanthophyll cycle in higher plants, the structure, biochemical properties and regulation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase, and convertibility and localization of xanthophyll during the last few years are reviewed.

对近几年来植物体内叶黄素循环的组成、能、菜黄素脱环氧化酶和玉米黄素环氧化酶的结构、化性质和调节，以及叶黄素的可转变性、位等方面的研究进展作了综述。

However, there is no difference for NAT2 rapid and slow acetylator between two groups.

吃红烧鱼因素在NAT2的快速酶中，特别是在野生纯合型中直肠腺瘤复发的相对危险度有增高趋势，提示了NAT2〓4等位基因编码快酶型NAT，可能在红烧鱼产生的杂环胺类化合物中代谢中加速其N-乙酰基化代谢过程，从而加速其代谢为终致癌物而与肠粘膜上皮细胞的DNA产生加成物，损伤其遗传物质。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！