等位的

The allelic diversity in terms of number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities in cultured populations N=8.0-9.4, H(subscript e=0.754-0.787 was considerably lower than that found in the wild populations N=11.3-15.0, H(subscript e=0.821-0.866. Allele distributions at all seven microsatellites indicated that the cultured populations lost some rare alleles belonging to wild populations. The small number and the biased sex ratio of abalone for hatchery broodstock might be responsible for the remarkable reduction of genetic variation in the studied populations.

结果表明，从等位基因数与杂合度上分析，养殖群体(N=8.0~9.4， H=0.754~0.787)遗传多样性显著低于野生群体N=11.3~15.0， H(下标 e=0.821~0.866；等位基因频率分布揭示出野生群体中一些稀有等位基因在养殖群体中有所丢失；亲鲍选用数量少与性别比例不均衡可能是产生养殖群体中遗传多样性显著减少的原因。

In 110 Xinjiang unrelated healthy Uygur subjects, 27 alleles were detected in HLA-B loci. Of them, B * 35 and B * 51 were the most common alleles with an allele frequency of 0.1136 and 0.1136, respectively; while B * 41, B * 56 and B * 78 were the rare alleles with a frequency of 0.0045, 0.0045 and 0.0091, respectively. Frequencies of "Caucasoid origin" HLA alleles such as B * 08, B * 35 and B * 50 in Xinjiang Uygurs were higher than other ethnic groups in China.

在维吾尔族样品中共检出27个等位基因，其中高频率的等位基因为B*35(0.1136)和B*51(0.1136)，低频率的等位基因为B*41(0.0045)、B*56(0.0045)和B*78(0.0091)，B*08、B*35、B*50等"高加索人"起源的HLA基因在新疆维吾尔族的分布频率高于国内其他民族，与高加索人种的数值相当。

The interactions between the alleles controlling the crossability of wheat with rye may exist.

小麦可杂交性基因间存在互作，表现为纯合隐性等位基因对其它显性等位基因的抑制作用，而纯合隐性等位基因间的效应具有可加性。

The 7 of 14 microsatellites had reached the homozygosis completely in familiesⅡat 18 The results suggested that the average N is decreasing and the genetic homozygosity is increasing with the improving inbred generation of WZSP.

WZSP近交系Ⅰ系F14-F16的14个微卫星座平均每个位点等位基因数为2个、平均杂合度为0.40、多态信息含量为0.26；Ⅱ系F15-F18的平均等位基因数为1.92，平均杂合度分别为0.32，多态信息含量为0.25；Ⅲ系F14-F17的平均等位基因数为2.17，平均杂合度为0.44，平均多态信息含量为0.32。

A new RHAG mutation was found firstly in Chinese population,it is a 582 C＞T homozygosity mutation in RHAG gene.

首次在中国人群RhD变异型标本中发现一例新的RHAG等位基因，该等位基因是RHAG外显子第582位C＞T杂合突变。

IGF2, which encodes a protein functioning as a fetal growth factor and a cell mitogen, is expressed only from paternally allele in most tissues but from both alleles in adult liver. H1 9, which acts as an RNA, is a gene of unknown function and expressed only from maternally allele.

IGF2编码的胰岛素样生长因子-2是一种胚胎生长因子及细胞有丝分裂原，在人体内大多数组织中特异地表达父系来源的等位基因，而母源等位基因处于印记状态。H19表达一种功能尚不清楚的RNA，其印记状态与IGF2相反，目前发现H19在正常组织内均为母源等位基因表达，父源等位基因印记。

OL alleles were found out in eleven loci. 11, 9 and 7 kinds of OL alleles were found in PentaE, PentaD, and D7S820, respectively. Allele frequencies of 18.4, 19.4, 26 in PentaE, 6 in PentaD, 30.3 in D21S11 were more 1.0‰.

在Powerplex16 System中的15个基因座有11个基因座发现OL等位基因，以PentaE、PentaD和D7S820基因座中发现最多，分别有11、9和7个。D7S820的等位基因9.1、9.2、10.1；PentaE中的等位基因18.4，19.4，26；PentaD中的等位基因6；D21S11的等位基因30.3的频率均大于1‰。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

These results indicated that the genetic variation within exon 2 appeared to have largely arisen by gene recombination and balancing selection. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the β1 domain coded by exon 2 revealed 6 synonymous mutations and 27 nonsynonymous substitutions at the 33 disparate sites.

对B-LBⅡ等位基因第二外显子所编码的B-LBⅡ分子β1结构域氨基酸序列比对发现，31个B-LBⅡ新等位基因属于26个等位基因主型；在β1结构域氨基酸序列的33个变异位点上，存在6个同义替换和27个错义替换。

The experiment obtains clone pig HUMMLC2B gene (GenBank logs onto date: DQ533994), use PCR-RFLP technology, analysed HUMMLC2B gene the 1st embedded child medium Msp Ⅰ is enzymatic cut much condition (T613C) is in distributinging; analysed the much condition sex in 7 breed pig 5 many condition sex and 36 long white pigs, groups 104 pigs and grow to be mixed in vain 5, the result makes clear, the scale that waits for a gene and B to wait for a gene frequency except the A in long white pig in detected swinery is 1 ∶ 2 outside, of the others all take absolutely advantage for a gene such as B, and a gene such as A is pure close individual detect in long white pig only.

实验获得克隆猪HUMMLC2B基因(GenBank登录号：DQ533994)，并采用PCR-RFLP技术，分析了HUMMLC2B基因第1内含子中的MspⅠ酶切多态(T613C)在7个品种猪中的多态性分布；分析了多态性和36头长白猪、5个群体104头猪以及长白和5个群体之和的140头猪胴体性状和肉质性状间的相关，结果表明，在检测的猪群中除长白猪中A等位基因和B等位基因频率的比例为1∶2外，其余的均为B等位基因占绝对优势，且A等位基因纯合个体只在长白猪中检测到。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。