等位性

Simple sequence repeats molecular markers are useful for a variety of applications in plant genetics and breeding because of their reproducibility, multiallelic nature, codominant inheritance, relative abundance and good genome coverage.

简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat， SSR)分子标记因其具有稳定性好、多等位基因、共显性遗传、数量丰富、基因组覆盖性好等优点，现已广泛应用于多种植物的遗传育种研究中。

The paper summarizes the recent progress in microsatellites isolation and their applications in population study, parentage analysis, and detection of changes in genetic variation of farmed stocks, and reviews the problems of microsatellite markers including null alleles and size homoplasy.

本文对皱纹盘鲍的微卫星标记的开发以及在种群遗传多样性评价、家系分析、人工苗种遗传变异监测研究方面的最新进展进行了综述，并阐述了微卫星标记在无效等位基因、大小承异同形性等方面存在的问题。

Gimelbrant et al. determined the proportion of human genes that can be expressed monoallelically, in patterns that are epigenetically stable (for example, chemical modifications of DNA, such as cytosine methylation, that do not alter the sequence but are heritable within cell populations).

Gimelbrant等确定部分人类基因，能够单等位基因性表达，在表达模式上，后生同类物稳定（例如，化学修饰的DNA ，如胞嘧啶甲基化，不改变序列，但内细胞群是可遗传的）。

Methods The DNA polymorphism was analyzed in 50 individuals of Macaca mulatta and 50 individuals of Macaca irus using 15 PCR-microsatellites DNA loci and the differences of allele numbers between those two species were compared.

利用聚合酶链反应扩增技术采用15个多态性微卫星DNA位点对50只恒河猴和50只食蟹猴个体进行了DNA多态性的分析，对比两群体间等位基因数目差异。

To investigate distribution of gene mutations in LPL exon 9 in Chinese population and to study the possible effects of the mutation on plasma lipids, variants were screened by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Ser~(447)→stop polymorphism was identified by PCR-RFLP . the plasma lipids in stop447 carrier group and stop447 noncarrier group were compared and analysis.

为探讨中国人群LPL基因外显子9常见突变的种类、频率以及其可能产生的影响，我们利用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析和DNA测序技术及PCR-RFLP技术检测出我国人群的LPL外显子9基因突变、基因型和等位基因频率，确定了中国人群Ser~(447)→stop这一多态性位点。

Ten com-mon allergen skin test fluids were dropped on forearms. Specific needles were used to prick the skin of forearm. Skin reaction was observed in allergic diseases (AD,urticaria,eczama,drug eruption,allergic purpura,papular urticaria and p-rurigo).

采用10种常见的变应原皮肤试液滴在前臂皮肤上，用特制的点刺针刺破表皮，观察异位性皮炎、荨麻疹、湿疹、药疹、过敏性紫癜、丘疹性荨麻疹、痒疹等7种过敏性皮肤病皮肤反应。

All the LOH on 〓 and 〓 was observed in invasive ductal carcino- ma, carcinoma simplex, medulary carcinoma and scirrhous carcino- ma, no deletions at these sites were observed in any invasive lobular carcinoma and others. These results imply an etiological difference.P53 gene is a hot point gene in the occurrence and development of breast, cancer. PCR-SSCP analysis was performed to detect P53 gene point mutation in the region between exon 5 and 8, 5 of 12 (41. 6%) stage I breast cancer patients contain mutation of P53, 3 of 5 patients were accompanied by 〓 deletion. These results suggested that point mutation and allelic loss of P53 gene are two vi- tal genetic events in earlier stage of breast tumorigenesis.

我们还发现，〓和〓位点LOH均分布在乳腺浸润性导管癌、单纯癌、髓样癌及硬癌中，在浸润性小叶癌和某些特殊类型乳腺癌中全部为LOH阴性，上述位点LOH可能与某些组织学类型乳腺癌的发生有关。P53基因是乳腺癌形成过程中的一个热点基因，本研究对12例Ⅰ期乳腺癌组织标本中P53基因热点区域第5、6、7、8外显子点突变进行了测定，发现41.6％（5／12）的病人有P53基因一个或多个点突变，其中3例同时伴有〓位点LOH，表明P53基因点突变和等位基因缺失是发生在乳腺癌形成早期的一个重要遗传学事件。

Twelve microsatellite markers selected from the GENE-BANK were analyzed for polymorphism in silkies. Allele frequencies were estimated based on band presence or absence. Average heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were calculated by allele frequencies, and then, linkage analysis between character and markers by least squares means and the correlation among the 6 characters of egg traits in silkies were studied.

本试验选用12对微卫星引物，通过对丝羽乌骨鸡多态性扩增，计算出这些微卫星标记座位的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、群体杂合度；通过标记多态性与产蛋性状的最小二乘分析和多重比较，进行了分子标记与产蛋性状的相关分析，同时计算了产蛋性状间的表型相关。

According literature above,its considerd that the former is proper to be interpreted by means of multiple alleles hypothesis,and the fertility heredity of the latter is appropriate to be interpreted using inhibition.

根据大白菜及其近缘芸薹属作物核不育材料育成的纯合两型系和杂合两型系可育株间互交F~1|可育株自交，其子代可能出现无育性分离情况或者产生13∶3两种表型的育性比资料，认为前者宜用复等位基因假说解释，而后者用抑制作用解释为妥。

MDH was applied to the studies of A.mellifera,which included several aspects as follows:the number of queen matings,labor division in honeybee societies,the analysis of genetic constitution in honeybee populations and so on.

东方蜜蜂（A.cerana F。）的MDH由S、F两个等位基因编码，也有报道它是单态性的。MDH在西方蜜蜂研究中应用较多，主要有处女王交配次数；蜂群中的劳动分工；蜜蜂种群遗传组成分析等。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。