等位基因

The majority of the loci are at the autosome and five loci at the Z chromosome.Four loci have multiple allelic series.

这些基因座多数位于常染色体上，有5 个基因座位于Z染色体上，有4 个基因座存在有复等位基因系列。

The results showed that:(1) we can mapping quantitative trait locus while estimating the variance component of QTL;(2) granddaughter design is better than daughter design when mapping QTL;(3) it is easy to map a QTL for trait with a high heriability and a large QTL variance contribution;(4) we can estimate the variance component of a QTL by TM-BLUP based on ML method whether the QTL has only 2 alleles or QTL has normal distributed alleles effects;(5) the estimation accuracy of variance component contributed by QTL was improved by using of grand daughter design;(6) the higher the heritability and the QTL variance contribution was, the more accurate estimation of QTL variance component.

结果表明：（1）采用随机QTL效应模型和最大似然法，在估计QTL方差组分的同时，能够定位QTL；（2）孙女设计与女儿设计相比，在其它因素相同时，容易检出QTL；（3）遗传力高，QTL方差贡献较大的性状，QTL检出的效果优于遗传力低，QTL方差贡献较小的性状；（4）无论QTL上有2个等位基因，还是QTL上等位基因的效应服从正态分布，都可将其看作随机效应，采用基于TM-BLUP的ML法，估计其方差组分和定位QTL；（5）QTL方差组分估计的准确性，孙女设计高于女儿设计；（6）遗传力高的性状，QTL方差贡献大的QTL，QTL方差组分估计的准确性高。

"Epistasis:an interaction between nonallelic genes, especially an interaction in which one gene suppress es the expression of another."

异位显性：非等位基因的相互作用，尤其是一个基因对另一个基因所表现的显性现象。

The result implied that genotype BG of MCW0294 and genotype JL of MCW0258 may be regarded as candidate locus for early assistant selection markers in egg shape index and haugh unit traits of silkies.At the same time, we found some alleles associated with egg quality traits:(1) Means of shell strength for genotype AG and BG of MCW0258 were significantly higher than those of HO and JO.

在多重比较过程中，发现了几个与蛋品质性状显著相关的等位基因：①标记MCWO258中，AG基因型的蛋壳强度均值最高，HO基因型的蛋壳强度均值最低，二者差异显著；BG基因型的蛋壳强度均值较高，JO基因型的蛋壳强度均值较低，二者差异显著。

In this paper, population genetic variability and genetic structure of five populations of an important cultivation species, mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) were analyzed using 30 microsatellite loci. The observed and expected heterozygosity values, polymorphic information content and number of effective alleles ( A e were all determined.

采用30个微卫星分子标记，对5个镜鲤群体的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数等进行了遗传检测，根据基因频率计算遗传相似系数和Nei氏标准遗传距离，以 c 2检验估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡，以近交系数和基因流分析群体的遗传分化。

The present study was designed to elucidate the role of apoE polymorphism in the lithogenesis of cholecystolithiasis and to explore the hereditary pathogenesis of the disease. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used as researching apoE phenotypes and allele frequencies in patients with gallstones (n=87) and in controls (n=50), and the fasting serum lipids of subjects were also measured.

为从分子遗传学水平探讨胆囊结石病的发病机理，采用聚合酶链反应等方法研究了87例胆囊结石患者和50例非结石者的apoE基因表型及等位基因频率，并分析了不同apoE基因表型的胆囊结石患者的血脂质代谢特征。

This study intends to investigate the correlation between HBV-GN and HLA-DR allele by testing the frequency of HLA-DR gene in HBV-GN patients, to probe into the effect of immunogenetic factor on the pathogenic mechanism of HBV-GN at the genic level and further explore susceptibility gene and/or resistance gene associated with HBV-GN disease, so as to provide certain experimental basis for diagnosis and treatment of HBV-GN.

本研究拟通过检测HBV-GN患者的HLA-DR的基因频率，对HBV-GN与HLA-DR等位基因相关性进行研究，从基因水平探讨免疫遗传因素在HBV-GN发病机制中的作用，并进一步探索HBV-GN疾病相关的易感基因和/或抗性基因，从而为HBV-GN的诊断和治疗提供一定的实验依据。

All the LOH on 〓 and 〓 was observed in invasive ductal carcino- ma, carcinoma simplex, medulary carcinoma and scirrhous carcino- ma, no deletions at these sites were observed in any invasive lobular carcinoma and others. These results imply an etiological difference.P53 gene is a hot point gene in the occurrence and development of breast, cancer. PCR-SSCP analysis was performed to detect P53 gene point mutation in the region between exon 5 and 8, 5 of 12 (41. 6%) stage I breast cancer patients contain mutation of P53, 3 of 5 patients were accompanied by 〓 deletion. These results suggested that point mutation and allelic loss of P53 gene are two vi- tal genetic events in earlier stage of breast tumorigenesis.

我们还发现，〓和〓位点LOH均分布在乳腺浸润性导管癌、单纯癌、髓样癌及硬癌中，在浸润性小叶癌和某些特殊类型乳腺癌中全部为LOH阴性，上述位点LOH可能与某些组织学类型乳腺癌的发生有关。P53基因是乳腺癌形成过程中的一个热点基因，本研究对12例Ⅰ期乳腺癌组织标本中P53基因热点区域第5、6、7、8外显子点突变进行了测定，发现41.6％（5／12）的病人有P53基因一个或多个点突变，其中3例同时伴有〓位点LOH，表明P53基因点突变和等位基因缺失是发生在乳腺癌形成早期的一个重要遗传学事件。

Methods The method of PCR- RFLP was conducted to examine the genotype of 3 cPLA2 genes ( PLA2G4A, PLA2G4B and PLA2G4C genes) in 263 subjects, including 121 cases of T2DM and 142 controls. The conditional test was used to test the combined effect of distinct loci on the T2DM by conditioning on allele or by conditioning on genotype with UNPHASED analysis platform. Results The genotypic frequencies of the 3 genes did not deviate from Hardy-weinberg equilibrium in both case and control groups.

采用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性方法检测T2DM患者（病例组121例）和健康对照（对照组142例）3个cPLA2基因（PLA2G4A、PLA2G4B和PLA2G4C基因）的基因型；借助UNPHASED分析平台，利用等位基因条件分析和基因型条件分析方法分析基因的联合作用与T2DM的遗传相关性。

The genetic study suggested that the carbendazim-resistance in these mutants could be steadily inherited by asexual and selfed reproduction, and the resistance was controlled by the same single major gene both in laboratory mutants and field resistant isolates, the different levels of resistance or the same resistant level in different strains maybe conferred by mutations at different sites or one site with different allelic mutations. The gene compensates for the sensitivity to MDPC was allelic to that governs the carbendazim resistance, but the mutation for increasing sensitivity to MDPC in this gene could get the pathogen highly resistant to carbendazim.

抗药性遗传研究表明，在所研究的抗药突变体中，抗药性在自交和无性繁殖后代中能稳定遗传；室內抗药突变体和田间抗药菌株对多菌灵的抗药性由同一个主效基因控制，但它们发生突变的位点不同或者同一碱基位点发生了不同的突变；对MDPC的敏感性也是由单个基因控制的，该基因与控制多菌灵抗性的基因是等位基因，当该基因发生对MDPC的敏感性增加的突变时会使病菌对多菌灵产生高水平抗性。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。