等位基因

DYS522 sites examine proptosis 5 discrimination power with personal allele,allelomorph to 0.6495,the excluding probability of paternit is;DYS508 sites examine proptosis 6 discrimination power with personal allele, allelomorph to 0.7006,the excluding probability of paternit is;DYS632 sites examine proptosis 3 discrimination power with personal allele,allelomorph to 0.5224,the excluding probability of paternit is;DYS556 sites examine proptosis 6 discrimination power with personal allele,allelomorph to 0.7454,the excluding probability of paternit is.

DYS522基因座共检出5个等位基因9～13，频率分布范围0.0447-0.5075，11频率最高(0.5075)，DP值为0.6495；DYS508基因座共检出6个等位基因8～13，等位基因频率分布范围0.0149～0.4030，11频率最高(0.4030)，DP值为0.7006；DYS632基因座共检出3个等位基因10～12，等位基因频率分布范围0.0149～0.4926.11频率最高(0.4926)，DP值为0.5224；DYS556基因座共检出6个等位基因9～14。等位基因频率分布范围0.0149～0.3433，9频率最高(0.3433)，DP值为0.7454。

IGF2, which encodes a protein functioning as a fetal growth factor and a cell mitogen, is expressed only from paternally allele in most tissues but from both alleles in adult liver. H1 9, which acts as an RNA, is a gene of unknown function and expressed only from maternally allele.

IGF2编码的胰岛素样生长因子-2是一种胚胎生长因子及细胞有丝分裂原，在人体内大多数组织中特异地表达父系来源的等位基因，而母源等位基因处于印记状态。H19表达一种功能尚不清楚的RNA，其印记状态与IGF2相反，目前发现H19在正常组织内均为母源等位基因表达，父源等位基因印记。

OL alleles were found out in eleven loci. 11, 9 and 7 kinds of OL alleles were found in PentaE, PentaD, and D7S820, respectively. Allele frequencies of 18.4, 19.4, 26 in PentaE, 6 in PentaD, 30.3 in D21S11 were more 1.0‰.

在Powerplex16 System中的15个基因座有11个基因座发现OL等位基因，以PentaE、PentaD和D7S820基因座中发现最多，分别有11、9和7个。D7S820的等位基因9.1、9.2、10.1；PentaE中的等位基因18.4，19.4，26；PentaD中的等位基因6；D21S11的等位基因30.3的频率均大于1‰。

Result: Contrary to European and American people, I allele frequency of Han nationality is higher than that of D allele (P.05); II genotype frequency and DD genotype frequency are noticeably different from that of European and American people (P.01); No DD genotype appear in the excellent athletes, which is noticeably lower than that of control group and athlete group (P.05) and that of the excellent athletes reported in other countries; the frequency distribution of II genotype in Marathon is noticeably higher than that in 5km distance running(P.10); The changing of I allele Jl genotype IP ID genotype frequency indicates a stronger unary liner relation (r=0.9985) with the running distance lengthening(5ktru lOkrru Marathon).

结果显示：与欧美人群相反，汉族I等位基因频率高于D等位基因（P＜0.05）；汉族II型纯合子频率和DD型纯合子频率非常显著地区别于欧美人群（P＜0.01）；在优秀运动员中，DD型纯合子未出现一例，显著低于对照组和运动员（P＜0.05），也显著低于国外已报道的优秀运动员；马拉松项目II型频率分布显著高于5km（P＜0.10）；I等位基因、II基因型和ID基因型的频率变化伴随专项距离（5km、10km、马拉松）的增加呈现强相关的一元线性关系（r=0.9985）。

Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

The experiment obtains clone pig HUMMLC2B gene (GenBank logs onto date: DQ533994), use PCR-RFLP technology, analysed HUMMLC2B gene the 1st embedded child medium Msp Ⅰ is enzymatic cut much condition (T613C) is in distributinging; analysed the much condition sex in 7 breed pig 5 many condition sex and 36 long white pigs, groups 104 pigs and grow to be mixed in vain 5, the result makes clear, the scale that waits for a gene and B to wait for a gene frequency except the A in long white pig in detected swinery is 1 ∶ 2 outside, of the others all take absolutely advantage for a gene such as B, and a gene such as A is pure close individual detect in long white pig only.

实验获得克隆猪HUMMLC2B基因(GenBank登录号：DQ533994)，并采用PCR-RFLP技术，分析了HUMMLC2B基因第1内含子中的MspⅠ酶切多态(T613C)在7个品种猪中的多态性分布；分析了多态性和36头长白猪、5个群体104头猪以及长白和5个群体之和的140头猪胴体性状和肉质性状间的相关，结果表明，在检测的猪群中除长白猪中A等位基因和B等位基因频率的比例为1∶2外，其余的均为B等位基因占绝对优势，且A等位基因纯合个体只在长白猪中检测到。

This study investigated gene polymorphism of β_1-AR, CY2PD6, ACE and of BDKRB2 in the population of Hunan mid-region by PCR and PCR-RFLP method. The results showed that the frequencies of Ser49Ser and Arg389Arg genotype of β_1-AR gene were respectively 68.7% and 55.3%. And the allele frequencies of 49Ser and 49Gly were 83.9% and 16.1%, moreover 76.1% for 389Arg and 23.9% for 389Gly.

本研究应用PCR、PCR-RFLP方法首次对湖南中部地区403例原发性高血压患者的β_1-AR基因、CY2PD6基因、ACE和BDKRB2基因多态性的调查，结果显示：β_1-AR基因型Ser49Ser、Arg389Arg分别占68.7％、55.3％，49Ser和49Gly等位基因频率分别为83.9％、16.1％，389Arg和389Gly等位基因频率分别为76.1％、23.9％；CYP2D6等位基因频率由高到低依次为~*10、~*1、~*2、~*5，CYP2D6~*10~*10基因型频率最高，占47.4％；ACEI和D等位基因频率分别为55.8％、44.2％，基因型频率分别为Ⅱ型33.5％、ID型44.7％、DD型21.8％；BDKRB2-58T/C等位基因频率C、T分别为52.6％、47.4％，基因型频率分别为CC型24.8％、CT型55.6％、TT型19.6％。

Polymorphism of HLA-DQB1 promoter region in Hans IDDM patients and normal controls have been identified by PCR, PCR/SSCP and PCR/sequencing methods.No differences were found in y and s box between patients and controls carrying different allele as well as in different ethnic groups. There are two different sequences in x box,but CCTAGAGACAGATT sequence locates frequently on the haplotype with DQB1.0302 allele. Polymorphism between transcription point and y box (at position －44～-46 and －59～-61) might be associated with the genetic susceptibility to IDDM. Additionally,a new single base mutant (CACC→CAC A ) was found at position －131 and －128 in two patients carrying DQB1.0601 allele.

结果显示携带不同等位基因的患者与对照者DQB1 5'-调控区y、s box核苷酸序列相同，且与白种人基因结构一致；y box核苷酸序列存在二种结构，CCTAGAGACAGATT序列常常与DQB1.0302等位基因在同一单倍型；转录起始位点至y box间-44至-61位存在多态性，-59至-61位AAG等位基因可能与1-型糖尿病易感相关联；在2例携带DQB1.0601等位基因患者的-131至-128位间发现CACC→ACA A单个碱基取代突变。

Imagine, for example that there is one gene in parasites with two alleles p and P conferring two types of parasitic ability, and one gene in hosts with two alleles h and H, conferring two types of parasite resistance, such that parasites with allele p can attach themselves to hosts with the allele h, and P to H.

例如，想象一下，寄生虫的一个基因有两个等位基因p和P赋予两种类型的寄生能力，而寄主的一个基因有两个等位基因h和H赋予两类对寄生虫的抗性。带等位基因p的寄生虫可以将它们自已附在带等位基因h的寄主上，而带等位基因P的寄生虫可以将它们自已附在带等位基因H的寄主上。

A frameshift mutation at base position 217 of exon 1 and a T/C missense mutation at base position 59 of exon 3 were found in Yingjing angora rabbit with a high frequency; a T/C same-sense mutation at base position 3 of exon 3 was found with similar frequency in three rabbit breeds.

在外显子1的217位检测到由TCT三碱基插入引起的移码突变，在外显子3的59位和3位分别发生了错义突变由T→C和同义突变由T→C。通过计算发现各位点不同的基因型和等位基因频率在3个兔品种中存在较大的差异，位点A、B在长毛兔和肉兔中均有各自的优势基因型和等位基因。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。