等价的

To avoid the trouble to construct the basis functions, we introduce a Lagrange multiplier into the variational formulation to replace the constraint condition for the basis.

本文采用同样的思路用Galerkin 边界元方法求解带有约束条件的与第一类Fredholm 间接边界积分方程等价的变分方程，为避免构造基函数时约束条件的限制，我们采用Lagrange 乘子法，把约束条件放入变分方程中去，形成扩展的变分方程，用线形单元离散后求解。

Moreover, the stability of unfoldings of such kind of bifurcation problems is discussed, and the sufficient condition of an unfolding of a bifurcation problem to be stable is that it is versal unfolding under certain conditions.

得到的这种分歧问题的无穷小稳定与稳定是等价的，而且讨论了这种分歧问题开折的稳定性，得到了一定条件下分歧问题开折稳定的充分必要条件为该开折是通用开折。

We find the poles of determinant of the S-matrix are equivalent to the zeros of the Wronskian in the Laplace picture.

在散射的过程里，我们可以定义S-矩阵，而我们发现那些使S-矩阵的行列式发散的模，与在拉普拉斯转换下，Wronskian零点定义下的模是等价的。

An explicit definition of local peak is shown, and the existence condition of local peak is given. It is proved that the GA is constringent at the neighbor of its local peak. The theoretical evidences of some improvements on GA are given, which points out the way forward for improving GAs performance.

关于遗传算法的收敛性研究的一些典型结果包括：文献 [2 ]分析了在种群规模无穷的情况下典型遗传算法的收敛性；文献 [3]证明了典型遗传算法不收敛，而如果对算法采取记录每一代中最佳个体的策略，则改进的算法收敛；文献 [4]提出了一种等价的遗传算法，并给出了收敛条件与收敛速度；文献 [5 ]研

Based on the propagation and transformation law of Wigner distribution function through a general axially nonsymmetrical optical system,investigated is the transform relationship of WDF between the input and the output planes of a pair of cylindrical lenses system which is used widely in optical signal processing .

基于维格纳分布函数在一般非轴对称系统的传播和变换规律，讨论了在光学信息处理系统中常用的双柱透镜系统输入和输出面WDF之间的变换关系，在直角坐标中给出了联系该系统相空间坐标的维格纳分布函数的坐标变换关系式和等价的矩阵表示。

If, upon such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, the assets of the Company distributable among the Holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and any other series of Preferred Stock ranking on a parity therewith in respect thereto or any class or series of capital stock of the Company ranking on a parity therewith in respect thereto shall be insufficient to permit the payment in full to all such Holders of shares of the preferential amounts payable to them, then the entire assets of the Company available for distribution to such Holders of shares shall be distributed ratably among such Holders in proportion to the respective amounts that would be payable per share if such assets were sufficient to permit payment in full.

公司资产中有可用于在A系列可转换优先股，以及与A系列股等价的其他相关系列优先股或其他相关种类或系列的公司股本股东之间进行分配的部分，在公司事务清算、解散或停业时，如果这一部分资产不足以对上述持有优先可支付额的股东进行全额支付，那么公司应调用全部可用资产，如果这些资产足够进行全额支付，则应根据此类股东各自的每股派息额数量按比例分配。

Firstly, an empirical approximation model of stochastic programming is obtained by replacing the probability measure of original program with empirical probability measure. Sequentially, the constrained stochastic programming is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained stochastic programming. Finally, using the epi-convergence theory, the almost everywhere upper semiconvergence of optimal solution set of empirical approximations for stochastic programming is obtained.

首先通过经验概率测度替代初始规划的概率测度得到随机规划的经验逼近模型，然后将带有约束的随机规划问题转化成与其等价的无约束的随机规划问题，最后利用上图收敛性理论，给出了随机规划经验逼近最优解集的几乎处处上半收敛性。

And the more manager averts risk the more he prefers equity financing. This conclusion is different to the"pecking order"advanced by Myers (1984), because manager does not want to take the bankrupt risk.

在信息对称和资本市场是有效的条件下，企业的资本结构与企业的投资是无关的（命题5.1），它与MM定理1是等价的。

Since structural descriptions can be flatted into equivalent behavioral ones, we concentrate on the semantics of behavioral descriptions and the implementation thereof.

由于结构描述可以最终展成行为等价的行为描述，本文集中探讨了VHDL行为描述的语义及其实现，介绍了作者在完成编译实现的VHDL模拟系统这一工作时所基于的想法和采用的方案，主要包括以下几个方面： 1。

Tributary to the Tang Dynasty imperial court of the country generally has a very strong back thanks to this "Gong" and "thanks to" the relationship is not the actual equivalent, the court is pyrrhic.

唐代朝廷对来朝贡的国家一般都有着相当丰厚的回赐，这种&贡&和&赐&的关系实际是不等价的，对朝廷来说是得不偿失的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。