等价方程

Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of solutions of delay hyperbolic differential equation s are obtained.

建立了一类时滞双曲型微分方程解的振动充要条件，揭示了这类双曲方程与相应泛函微分方程解的振动的等价性。

The analysis in theory proves that cellular automaton is equal with a stochastic process that described by stochastic difference equations. The primary differential equation is expectation of this stochastic process. And its variance function is controllable. These results show that cellular automata are in agreement with primary differential equation in the statistical sense.

理论分析证明：该方法设计的细胞自动机等价于一个可用随机差分方程描述的随机过程，该随机过程以原微分方程为期望函数，并且，其方差函数是可控的，表明细胞自动机和原微分方程在统计意义上是一致的。

The direct displacement problem can be changed into solving a polynomial equation called the equivalent polynomial equation.

研究表明其正解问题最后可转化为一个高次多项式方程求解问题，称此方程为正解的等价多项式方程。

Firstly, by constructing the Lyapunov function with a special structure, a prior estimate is obtained. Secondly, with the help of Green\'s function, the original problem is transformed into an equivalent operator equation, and the fixed point theory of contraction mapping in a Banach space guarantees the existence and uniqueness of the global solution.

首先，构造具有特殊结构的Lyapunov函数，得到解的先验估计；其次，借助Green函数将原方程等价变换成算子方程，Banach压缩映射的不动点定理保证了全局解的存在唯一性；最后通过常微分方程的定解，证明了主要结论，即平凡解全局渐近稳定。

Further, with the help of Riccati equations, an infinite number of conservation laws for the solton hierarchy are deduced. For the sake of simplicity, taking the general TD hierarchy as an illustrative example, we prove that its 2×2 Lenard pair of operators forms a Hamiltonian pair. Thus the isospectral evolution TD hierarchy is the general Hamiltonian system and possesses the Bi-Hamiltonian structures and Multi-Hamiltonian structures. By using the method of derivation of functional under some constraint condition, a complete one-to-one correspondence between the Hamiltonian functions of the hierarchy and its conservation density functions can be built. These results can also be applied to the isospectral evolution soliton hierarchy of this paper. Finally, there's a gauge transformation between the spectral problem of this paper and the AKNS system. Moreover, the potentials in these spectral problems satisfy the general Miura transformation, the corresponding relationship between the two soliton hierarchies is also given.

进一步本文还通过特征函数的组合关系所满足的Riccati方程，得到了该等谱方程族的无穷多个守恒律；为简便起见，本文以广义TD族为例，由它的2×2 Lenard算子对的性质证明了此算子对为Hamilton算子对，这说明广义TD族是广义Hamilton系统且具有Bi-Hamilton结构和Multi-Hamilton结构；进而利用它的依赖于谱参数的一般守恒密度的积分在约束条件下求泛函导数的方法，得到了广义TD族的Hamilton函数与守恒密度之间的对应关系，这些性质对于由本文提出的2×2谱问题所导出的等谱孤子族仍成立；另外此谱问题与AKNS系统存在着规范变换，位势之间有广义Miura变换，而孤子方程之间也满足一定的等价关系。

This article consists of four parts: In the first part of thesis introduced Heisenberg's early years of life and the creation of Matrix mechanics, expounded Münich、G?ttingen,Copenhagen, three places different academic atmosphere which produce to Heisenberg's institute of physics, and revealed how to set up Matrix mechanics by mathematics method; The second part introduce Schr?dinger's university life, the research results, and the establishment of Wave mechanics. The different academic atmosphere of Vienna and Zürich have the difference influence which brings to Schr?dinger's research work, how to establishment the Schr?dinger equation based on Hamilton equation of classical mechanics, and elaborated the physical controversy caused by the equivalent.; The third part analyzed two mechanics different approaches in which the way to propose the question and solve the question; The last part recommend the different philosophy interpretations, Schr?dinger's interpretation onΨfunction, the statistical interpretation of Wave mechanics, uncertainty principle, and which caused this free discussion of quantum mechanics.

文章共分为四部分：第一部分介绍了海森伯的早年生活及其创立矩阵力学的过程，阐明了慕尼黑、哥廷根、哥本哈根三地不同的学术氛围对海森伯的物理研究所产生的不同作用，并揭示了海森伯如何用数学方法建立矩阵力学方程的过程；第二部分介绍了薛定谔的大学生活、研究成果，以及波动力学的创立过程，说明了维也纳和苏黎世不同的学术气氛给薛定谔的研究工作带来的不同影响，解释了薛定谔以经典哈密顿方程为基础建立薛定谔方程的过程，并阐述了等价性所引起的物理争论；第三部分分析了两种力学的思想进路在提出问题、解决问题上的不同；最后一部分介绍了对两种力学形式不同的哲学诠释，薛定谔对Ψ函数的诠释、波函数的统计解释和测不准原理，以及由此引起的量子力学的大讨论。

Based on the principle of optimality,the search problem is then transformed to an equivalent problem of deterministic distributed parameters system,represented by a second order PDE.

采用分析的方法来研究随机运动目标的最优搜索问题，并将原问题转化为由一个二阶偏微分方程所表示的确定性分布参数系统的等价问题，推导出随机运动目标的最优搜索问题的HJB方程，并证明了该方程的解即是所寻求的最优搜索策略。

Through creating a differential equation whose oscillation is equivalent to the impulsive equation, or considering the relation between impulsive points and delay, we get some sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the equation.

第二章讨论了二阶自共轭脉冲微分方程，通过建立与之振动性等价的微分方程，或考虑脉冲点与时滞间的关系，我们得出方程振动的一些充分条件。

By utilizing the expansion expression of equilibrium point of the system, the homogeneous equation s solution was obtained, and then the nonlinear differential equation was equivalent to its nonlinear Volterra's integral equation of the second kind by the constant variation method.

首先将系统在平衡点附近进行展开，求得其齐次方程的解，然后利用常数变易法将非线性微分方程变为等价的第二类非线性Volterra积分方程。

This technique,called the rotation operator approach,disentangles the propagator into a rotation operator and,consequently,shifts the cumbersome time-ordering problem into solving the characteristic equations equivalent to the Euler geometricequations long known to describe the motion of a rigid body.

它把相应的传播子分解为量子力学中的空间转动变换算符，把复杂的时序问题转变为求解对应的特征方程，而这些特征方程恰好与描述刚体运动的Euler几何方程完全等价。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失