等价型

It's really the natural setting for algebraic topology because the traditional algebraic invariants (fundamental group, homolog group,etc.) arc isomorphic not only for homeomorphic spaces but for spaces of the same homotopy type. Homtopy epimorphisms and monomorphisms are special morphisms in the category of topological spaces and the initial research of them may be traceable to S.T.

同伦论的本质是利用比同胚关系更广泛的等价关系—同伦关系来对拓扑空间进行研究，这也是代数拓扑研究中一种自然的考虑，因为传统的代数不变量不仅在同胚的空间之间保持同构，而且在具有相同伦型的空间之间也保持同构。

But there are few literatures on the equivalent characterizations of general Bloch type space .

但他们都未能对一般的Bloch型空间β~p的等价刻划进行研究。

Based on the methods and techniques of covering theory, the structure of module category of tame concealed algebra, one-point extension, vector space category, finite enlargement, degeneration theory, stable equivalence and combinatorial method, we will classify all of the three-point algebras with Gabriel quiver the system quiver Q according to representation type. We get the classification theorem: Let A=kQ/I be a three-point algebra given by the system quiver Q.

本文综合利用覆盖理论，tame concealed代数模范畴的结构，单点扩张，向量空间范畴，有限enlargement，退化理论，稳定等价以及组合的方法等多种方法和技巧，将所有由系统箭图Q给出的三点代数按表示型进行分类，得到如下分类定理：Q是系统箭图，I是kQ的一个admissible理想。

Finally, we study the equivalence theorem and the comparison theorem of semiconvergence for the second quasi-nonnegative splitting.

最后讨论了第二型quasi非负分裂半收敛的等价定理和比较定理。

By introducing two pairs of conjugate exponent parameters and, and using the improved Euler-Maclaurin＇s summation formula for estimating the weight coefficient, a reverse Hilbert-type inequality with a best constant factor is proved.

本文通过引入两对共轭指数参量与及应用改进的Euler-Maclaurin求和公式以估算权系数，证明了一个具有最佳常数因子的逆向Hilbert型不等式；作为应用，还给出了相应的等价式及一些特殊结果。

Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of solutions of delay hyperbolic differential equation s are obtained.

建立了一类时滞双曲型微分方程解的振动充要条件，揭示了这类双曲方程与相应泛函微分方程解的振动的等价性。

In the fourth chapter, using algebraic method, we prove that tubular mutations are auto equivalences of the derived category of a derived tubular algebra, and apply this method to the case of tame concealed algebras, which generalizes a result of Meltzer .

第四章我们用纯代数的方法证明：tubular mutation是tubular型标准代数的导出范畴的自等价，并把该方法应用到tame concealed代数，从而推广Meltzer的结果。

As for the multiple objective decision making and analysis problem under risk is concerned, a practical decision analysis principle called Aspiration level principle is proposed, the concept system for solutions and the model system for determinitive equivalence are developed based on the classifications of decision objectives and constraints, which lay a necessary theoretical fundation of study on the multiple objective decision making and analysis problem under risk.

本文就风险型多目标决策分析问题，提出了一种适用的决策分析原则──希望水平原则，并基于决策目标和约束的分类，给出了解的概念体系及确定性等价模型体系，为进一步研究风险型多目标决策问题提供了必要的理论基础。

An analysis of noise models for two basic pre-amplifier structures:voltage and transimpedance are carried out.

如何降低电路噪声是读出电路研究热点之一，本文就红外探测器的电压型和跨导型两种基本结构前置放大器，建立了噪声等价模型，分析比较了其信噪比。

Part II of this paper studies the structure of symmetric self-dual Lie algebras.

假设李代数g带有一个与Killing具有相同性质的型B，即具有双线性性，非退化性，对称性和不变性，由于这样的李代数g的伴随表示与它的余伴随表示等价，我们称李代数g为对称自对偶李代数，称型B为它上的一个不变数积。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。