等价函数

In this paper,a proof is made of the equivalence in three definitions of the integral of bounded function in finite set measure.

关于Lebesgue积分，文献有不同的定义，本文给出了测度有限集上有界函数 Lebesgue积分三种不同定义的等价性的一种证明。

In this thesis, with special concerns focused on the effects on the EPI by field in the non-equilibrium transport through a single-molecular quantum dot, non-equilibrium Green function technique and canonical transformation method under the adiabatic approximation for the local electron-phonon system have been applied.

在对哈密顿量进行有效等价的基础上，采用非平衡格林函数方法处理外加偏压所导致的非平衡输运，系统地研究了耦合在两电极间的量子点。

Several criteria are given for judging whether ideal class number of a realquadratic function field to be one.

研究了实二次函数域的理想类数为1的一些必要条件以及等价条件。

Equal forms with multiobjective function optimization of composite structure,which is suitable for genetic algorithm solving, is constructed.

用评估函数法构造了适用于遗传算法求解的复合材料结构多目标优化问题的等价表达形式，给出了离散变量与连续变量混合优化问题解的染色体表示。

Equal forms with multiobjective function optimization of composite structure,which is suitable for genetic algorithm solving, is constructed. Expression of optimal problem with chromosome including discrete mixed with continuous variables are established.

用评估函数法构造了适用于遗传算法求解的复合材料结构多目标优化问题的等价表达形式，给出了离散变量与连续变量混合优化问题解的染色体表示。

In the first part of this paper, we gave several different definition of convex functions and equivalent proposition.

本文首先归纳总结了凸函数的几个不同的定义，并说明其等价性。

Draw lessons from increment type observation implement with PI condition observation implement research achievement, combine heat to dominate a field complex control system designs bunchy form normally the actual condition of regulating system, offer observation of function of PI of increment style broad sense implement and the concept that its condition feedbacks, the tectonic regulating system that cluster form and observation implement feedback of shirt-sleeve broad sense condition controls a system, learn an analysis through number, give out the sufficient condition of IFO-PIO/BS reachs his corresponding theorem and deductive proof, announce give this to controlled systematic equivalence to be had at IFO-PIO/BS change the function that gain condition feedbacks.

借鉴增量式观测器和PI状态观测器的探究成果，并结合热控领域复杂控制系统通常设计成串级调节系统的实际情况，提出增量式广义PI函数观测器及其状态反馈的概念，构造串级调节系统和观测器相融合的广义状态反馈控制系统，通过数学分析，给出IFO-PIO/BS的充分条件及其相应定理和推论的证实，揭示出该控制系统等价于IFO-PIO/BS具有了变增益状态反馈的功能。

The system parameters are determined by optimizing an output-error cost function. To deal with the non-uniqueness of the fully parameterized state-space system, a projected gradient search algorithm is presented by restricting the update of the parameters to the tangent space to the manifold of observationally equivalent state-space systems. The sufficient condition to employ L-M algorithm for optimizing parameters is also introduced. The proposed hierarchical optimization identificationmethod includes two steps: First, the parameter search direction is determined by the proposed adaptive L-M projected gradient approach; Second, the optimum step size is computed according to a line search method.

通过极小化输出误差目标函数获得了系统参数估计；提出了正交梯度搜索方法用于解决系统参数的非唯一性问题，正交梯度搜索的本质是在输入-输出等价类相切平面的正交垂空间更新系统参数；给出了用 L-M 算法进行参数优化的充分条件；提出的系统参数递阶优化辨识方法包括两步：首先用给出的自适应 L-M 算子正交梯度方法确定参数优化方向；其次由一维搜索方法计算最佳步长。

Based on the partition of equivalent classes,the resolving of a linear system of equations and the calculation of the dual basis of the standard basis,three methodologies are presented.

以此解释了Rijndael算法S盒代数表达式复杂度低的本质原因，给出其分量函数间等价关系的一种直接证明方法。1 引言插入攻击[1]对代数次数和复杂程度低的分组密码尤其凑效。

The singular distributed parameter system can be converted to a singular system by using the eigenvector function method.

首次研究了广义分布参数系统的不变性条件，利用特征向量函数法将广义分布参数系统化为一广义系统，证明了它们的不变性条件是等价的，同时也指正了某些文献个别结论和证明

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。