等价

It makes use of transform to dispose delay, generates residual through parity relations, decouples disturbance by parameter design, then diagnoses the control fault of the networked system, and provides the simulation results.

利用：变换来处理延时，由等价关系产生残差。通过参数设计解耦干扰向量，从而对网络化系统的控制故障进行了诊断。并提供了仿真结果。

Connectedness and δ—connected component are denned. Some properties and equivalent conditions about δ—connected axe given. It is respectively discussed that δ—connected L—topological spaces are abroader than connected L—topological spaces.

定义了L-拓扑空间的δ-连通性和δ-连通分支的概念，讨论了它们的一些性质，给出δ-连通的一些等价刻画，证明了δ-连通L-拓扑空间是比连通L-拓扑空间更广泛的一类空间。

Polychotomously scored system is better than dichotom-ously scored system,because it makes fuller use of theinformation involved in the examinees response vectorto all test items.2,The assumpt on of dichotomizing polychotomously scoredtest data and the relevant test transferring method isreasonable,the two tests are equivalent.3,Dichotomously scored IRT models are avalable to polych-otomously scored tests if these tests satisfy the assump-tions of the models.

对测验项目采用多级评分有助于更大限度地利用被试对测验项目的反应中所包含的有关其相应的能力或特质水平的信息量。2：本文所提出的把多级评分测验结果二级化的设想和方法是合理的和可行的。3：有本文所提供的方法把多级评分测验转换成相应的虚拟二级评分测验并不会改变原测验的各种性质。这两个测验基本上是等价的。4：只要原多级评分测验满足IRT模型的各种假设，那么该测验所对应的虚拟测验与逻辑斯蒂模型是配匹的。5：把二级评分IRT模型用于多级评分测验是可行的。

The consistence of double differenced model, SD and ZD model of short baseline on estimating the baseline vector is given and verified.

证明了短基线条件下非差和单差模型、单差和双差模型在估计基线向量上的等价性。

This technique,called the rotation operator approach,disentangles the propagator into a rotation operator and,consequently,shifts the cumbersome time-ordering problem into solving the characteristic equations equivalent to the Euler geometricequations long known to describe the motion of a rigid body.

它把相应的传播子分解为量子力学中的空间转动变换算符，把复杂的时序问题转变为求解对应的特征方程，而这些特征方程恰好与描述刚体运动的Euler几何方程完全等价。

Some Properties of Monad and Comonad;2. The definitions of entwining structures of monads and comonad s and entwining modules are given and the paper studied their relations with entwining structures of algebras and coalgebras in categories,then we build an adjoint functors pair between the two categories of entwining modules.

首先给出了单子和余单子的缠绕结构和缠绕模及其与代数和余代数的缠绕结构和缠绕模之间的关系，并构造了一个函子伴随对，其次定义了余单子的类群元，得出了一些相关结论，最后给出了缠绕结构之间相容的定义和等价条件。

Since structural descriptions can be flatted into equivalent behavioral ones, we concentrate on the semantics of behavioral descriptions and the implementation thereof.

由于结构描述可以最终展成行为等价的行为描述，本文集中探讨了VHDL行为描述的语义及其实现，介绍了作者在完成编译实现的VHDL模拟系统这一工作时所基于的想法和采用的方案，主要包括以下几个方面： 1。

Compared with those given by Michaeli, new expressions can not only eliminate the infinities in LDC effectively, but also keep good agreement with ILDC.

卜m血已经证明，ILDC分量与Mca6li的等效电磁流[3]除相差物理光学分量外是等价的，这就是说ILDC分量实质上就是MEC的边缘分量。

In order to facilely perform testing on C or C++ programs, a prototype tool called CppTest is designed and implemented. It can employ three levels'testing, namely (1) structural testing in method level by analyzing program's constructs, instrumenting probes, redirecting I/O stream, etc.,(2) state-based class level testing through modeling state transition behaviors using an extended finite state machine from the class specifications, and (3) system level black-box testing with some traditional strategies such as equivalence partitioning and boundary-value analysis.

以目前普遍使用的C/C++程序作为测试对象，实现了一个能进行方法级、类级和系统级三个级别测试的原型系统CppTest：基于程序CFG图分析、探针插装和I/O重定向等技术，实现方法级结构性测试；按照需求规约运用EFSM对类的状态转换行为进行建模，并依此自动生成测试用例集，实现基于状态的类测试；在系统级别上，运用等价类划分、边界值分析等常规策略进行黑盒测试。

The NPMOGA algorithm based on non-penalty parameter constraints solving method is composed of the niched Pareto genetic algorithm and non-penalty parameter constraints solving method.

基于无罚系数约束处理方法的NPMOGA算法，由基于Pareto竞争和等价类共享的小生境Pareto遗传算法和无罚系数的约束处理方法组成。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。