第十六

It is today traditional to focus the annual World Meteorological Day celebration on a special theme and at its sixtieth session the WMO Executive Council decided that in 2010 this theme would be "the World Meteorological Organization – 60 Years of service for your safety and well-being", a specially appropriate theme at a time when communities around the globe are striving to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, in particular concerning health, food and water security and poverty alleviation, as well as to improve their resilience in the face of recurrent natural disasters and to assist them in proactively responding to the mounting impacts of climate variability and change.

今天是按传统一年一度根据一个特定主题庆祝世界气象日的一天， WMO 执行理事会第六十次届会决定2010年世界气象日的主题为"世界气象组织--致力于人类安全和福祉的六十年"。正当国际社会努力实现联合国千年发展目标时，尤其是在人类健康，粮食和水安全以及减少贫困方面，提高其应对频繁发生的自然灾害的承受能力并帮助其提前应对不断加大的气候变率和变化的影响时，该主题恰如其分。

The first part is the author"s special viewpoint about the thinking ability, such as the meaning, the essence, the classification and the operating process. The second part describes the relations between developing thinking ability and the urgent needs of country, society and individual development from five aspects. The third part is about the connection and differences of thinking ability, intelligence, ability, creativity and the constructivism theory. The forth part analyses the teachers" nine injudicious actions that will influence the students" thinking ability. The fifth part discusses the students" seven bad learning behaviors that will cause the degradation of thinking ability. The sixth part is about the unsuitable policies or actions adopted by school, society or family that will cause the degradation of the students" thinking ability. The seventh part discusses the countermeasures that can maintain and develop the students" thinking ability. The eighth part brings forward twelve countermeasures that can exercise the student"s thinking ability in chemistry teaching. The last part gives a brief account of the task.The author expects that this article can enhance the coteries" attention to the students thinking ability.

本文共分九个部分，第一部分对思考力的含义及其本质、分类和运行过程提出了作者的观点；第二部分从五个方面阐述培养思考力与国家、社会、个人发展的迫切需要之间的关系；第三部分简要叙述了思考力、智力、能力、创造力与建构主义理论之间的联系和区别；第四部分分析了教师的九种不当行为对学生思考力水平的影响；第五部分分析了学生的七种不良学习行为导致思考力下降的因素；第六部分叙述了学校、社会和家庭的不当政策或行为导致学生思考力水平下降的原因；第七部分着重从八个方面阐述了保持和发展学生思考力的对策；第八部分提出了在化学教学中训练学生思考力的十二种对策；最后在结束语中对本课题主要观点进行了概述，以期望引起教育界同仁对学生思考力培养的重视。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

Full Band Festival, Macao Solo at Sugar Jar, Beijing Germany Night, Beijing Tie Guan Yin at UMWEG BER CHINA Festival, Berlin Qianhai Kwanyin, Beijing Waterland Kwanyin, Beijing More Less More project, Beijing Solo at Mini Midi 2007, Beijing Bu Yi Yang post Shanghai, Shanghai 2006 Bu Yi Yang Shangbu Nanshan,Shenzhen 12th Kolkata Film Festival, Kolkata Borderline International Film Art Exhibition, Beijing The Third China Independent Film Festival, Nanjing Moscow Biennale, Moscow The Voice Of The Other Shore, Beijing Midi Music Festival, Beijing Dashanzi International Art Festival, Beijing Art Beijing, Beijing Waterland Guanyin Series, Beijing Qianhai Guanyin Series, Beijing 2005 Holland Chinese Festival, Amsterdam Most Electronics, Xiamen Waterland Guanyin Series, Beijing Midi Music Festival, Beijing Dashanzi International Art Festival, Beijing Don't Break My Core, Shanghai 2004 Nuit Blanche Festival (With fm3 and Yan Jun) Paris 1000 Revolutions Per Second, Brussels Shanghai Biennale, Shanghai 2pi Music Festival, Hangzhou Dashanzi International Art Festival, Beijing OUT THE WINDOW (China, Japan, and South Korea multimedia art unites exhibition) Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing Discography: Support the umbrella to stand in dust that float float CD 2006 Kwanyin Records The Microwave DVD 2006 Kwanyin Records Tie Guanyin Duo-viva la vaches, wuquan + yan jun CD 2006 Kwanyin Records Tie Guanyin Duo-Live at 798Cubic Art Center, wuquan + yan jun CD 2006 Kwanyin Records View DVD 2005 Kwanyin Records http://www.myspace.com/wuquan http://www.neocha.com/wuquan ———————————————————————————— Xiao He Third son of Tian Qiaoyun and He Pingsuo.

主要艺术活动： 2007 参与不一定乐队乐巡演上海、芜湖、杭州、义乌、珠海、深圳、广州"不一定·愚公移山"北京"不一定·798"北京"武王文窦·澳门国际马拉松国际摇滚音乐节"澳门"白糖罐·声场"北京"德国之夜"北京"迂回中国"柏林"前海观音"北京"水陆观音"北京"马恩列斯毛"系列演出北京"第八届迷笛音乐节"北京"不一样·后上海"上海 2006 "不一样·上步南山"深圳"第12届加尔格达电影节"加尔格达"边界线国际影像艺术展"北京"第三届中国独立影像年展"北京"莫斯科双年展"莫斯科"彼岸之声"北京"第七届迷笛音乐节"北京"第三届大山子国际艺术节" 798艺术工厂北京"艺术北京2006"北京"水陆观音"北京"前海观音"北京 2005 策划/组织电影短片集《色！》"荷兰中国文化节，实验中国"阿姆斯特丹"最电子"厦门"水陆观音"北京"第六届迷笛音乐节"北京"第二届大山子国际艺术节" 798艺术工厂北京"don't break my core"上海"湿森林实验电子现场"长沙"workshop"大理 2003-2004 "Nuit Blanche"艺术节（与fm3、颜峻）巴黎"1000 revolutions per second"布鲁塞尔"第五届上海双年展"上海 2004 "第二层皮音乐节"杭州"第一届大山子国际艺术节"798艺术工厂北京《十夜谈》（与颜峻、fm3、王凡）北京"OUT THE WINDOW"（中、日、韩多媒体艺术联展）东京、汉城、北京 2003 《三国·四记》上海《水煮黄昏》（与fm3、颜峻）北京《不可能》（与颜峻、fm3）北京 2002 "丽江雪山音乐节"（与窦唯、fm3）丽江"点亮长城音乐节"北京发表作品：《打着伞在浮沉中站立》 CD 2006 观音唱片《微波》DVD 2006 观音唱片《铁观音二重奏-杀不死的牛》CD 2006 观音唱片《铁观音二重奏-立方艺术中心现场》CD 2006 观音唱片《观》DVD 2005 观音唱片

The Patriarch said,'From Great Kashyapa onward to me and down through the generations, the Proper

他说：『我由大迦叶那儿一代一代传下来的正法眼藏，和祖衣──就是二十五条衣僧伽梨──现在在中国传到第六代，在韶关曹溪那个地方，你赶快到那里去瞻仰礼拜第六代祖师！

We did pitches 8 and 9 slightly different from the guide book. Wes climbed through the Dolt Hole and belayed at the top of the bolt ladder. I lowered off, pendulumed into the stove leg cracks and climbed through the 8th pitch belay and finally belayed at the finish of the 9th pitch. It was a full 165', but it made it much better for the haul bag (it didn't have to pendulum so far) and we didn't have to belay on the cramped 8th stance (although the 9th belay was barely a stance as well).

我们在第八九绳距跟guidebook有些不同，Wes爬过Dolt Hole然后在bolt梯的顶部确保，我降下去，摆荡到Stove Ledge裂隙，爬上第八绳距确保处到第九绳距的确保处，全部一百六十五英呎，但如此对於拖拉包比较简单，且我们不用在狭窄的第八绳距站著确保（虽然第九绳距确保处也不大）。

By the fourth finished the company dell, which only insignificantly remained Mio according to the results of block, but which outdistanced it according to the results of year.

戴尔公司的第四成品，其中仅美绪仍不明显一万六千三百七十九座但它outdistanced一万六千三百七十九一年。

It is stipulated by The Code of Criminal Procedure of the People''s Republic of China, the 42nd item; The Civil Procedure Act of the People''s Republic of China, the 63rd item; and the Code of Administrative Procedure of the People''s Republic of China, the 31St item, that the audio-video material is an independent kind of evidence, so established the legal effect of it, symbol the development and the perfect of our country''s socialist law, Being a new type of evidence, audio-video material needs our study, probation and practice deeply, carefully and urgently, summing up the successful experience and failure moral, and then forming the comrades'' common interest, enriching and partaking the system of evidence science, developing it higher and wider; filling the vitality of the action of procedure, broadening the buglers'' outlook, raising the quality and level of enforcing the law.

中文文摘《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第四十二条、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十三条、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》第三十一条，都明确规定视听资料是一种独立的证据种类，确立了视听资料的法律地位。它标志着我国社会主义法律的不断提高和完善。视听资料作为一种新型证据，不论在理论研究方面，还是在司法实践中的具体运用，都迫切需要进行深入细致的研究、探讨和实践，随时，总结成功的经验和失败的教训，形成共识，不断丰富和完善证据学体系，使这一方兴未艾的证据形式向更高级更广阔的领域发展。填补这一领域的空白，为诉讼活动，带来生机和活力，开拓司法人员的视野，提高执法质量和执法水平。

This dissertation has 7 chapters. Chapter One introduces the tradition of historical narration in Chinese literature, discusses the relationship between fiction and historical narration, and the historical view of humanism in traditional novels. Chapter Two analyzes the historical view in contemporary red narrative, the origin of red historical compilation, hypo-realism in red novels of officers, and the features of taking personal narrative as revolutionary narrative etc. the song of youth is taken as an example to illustrate the secret of changing little burgesses narrative into revolutionary narrative. Chapter Three focuses on re-emergence and changes of enlightenment historical narrative and the historical sense of enlightenment. Tibet, implied times and the family of red corn are taken as examples to illustrate the features of changing from enlightenment historicism to new historicism. Chapter Four examines the phenomena and characteristics of new historicism narrative. The following chapter concerns the historical narrative by Yu Hua and Mo Yan, and historical sense of quasi-new historicism in Wang Anyi's Changhenge.

正文共分七章，第一章是对&中国文学中的历史叙事传统&的追溯：探讨了中国文学中&小说&这一文类与&历史叙事&之间的渊源关系，传统小说中的人本主义与生命本体论的历史观、其悲剧本质的历史诗学与美学理念、其循环论与非主流的历史伦理：第二章是对&当代红色叙事中的历史观&的分析：探讨了其&红色历史编纂学&的由来，红色官史小说中的&伪现实主义&、&把个人叙事装饰为革命叙事&的特点、其&革命&外表下装裹着的&旧式&的叙事模型等等，还以《青春之歌》为例分析了由小布尔乔亚叙事改装为革命叙事的奥秘：第三章是对&启蒙历史叙事的重现与转型&的梳理：分析了寻根文学中所包含的启蒙历史主义意识一一从最早的民俗学趣味、到寻根诗歌中&文化民族主义&的突然高涨、还有寻根小说中所包含的各种新型的历史思想，还以稍后的扎西达娃的《西藏，隐秘岁月》和莫言的《红高粱家族》为例，探讨了其由启蒙历史主义向新历史主义过渡的特点：第四章是对&新历史主义叙事的现象与特征&的分析，先是梳理了新历史主义文学思潮从八十年代后期到九十年代末期所出现的大量现象和演变的轨迹，而后分析了各种类型的新历史主义叙事的特征，其基本尺度、还有&新&与&旧&的关系等等；此后第五、六、七章分别就余华和莫言的历史叙事、还有王安忆的《长恨歌》中的类似新历史主义的历史意识进行了分析。

If the total accumulated time of all permissible delays and non-permissible delays aggregate to days or more, excluding delays due to arbitration as provided for in Article Ⅷhereof or due to default in performance by the Buyer, or due to delays in delivery of the Buyer's supplied items, and excluding delays duet to causes which, under Article V,Ⅵ,Ⅺ, and Ⅻ hereof, permit extension or postponement of the time for delivery of the Vessel, then in such event, the Buyer may in accordance with the provisions set out herein cancel this Contract by serving upon the Seller telexed notice of cancellation which shall be confirmed in writing and provisions of Article Ⅹ of this Contract shall apply.

如果所有允许推迟和非允许推迟的累计时间达到或超过天，但不包括第十三条所述的由于仲裁或买方违约或买方供应品延付引起的推迟，也不包括第五、六、十一和十二条中允许的延长或推迟交船的日期，在这种情况下，买方可根据本条款并按照本合同第十条的规定，以电传方式通知卖方取消本合同，该取消通知需经书面确认。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。