第五

In the first section, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the level of lysozyme secreted by macrophages was first tested by bacteriolytic method; then the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the level of tartaric acid resistant acid phosphatase produced in macrophages was investigated by analyzing the phenol generated in the reaction that was catalyzed by the enzyme; the third, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the phagocytic activity of macrophages was observed by microscopy; the forth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the production of complement C4 from macrophages was tested by hemolytic method; the fifth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the expression of C3b receptors on the surface of macrophages was analyzed by observing the formation percentage of zymosan wreath; the sixth, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the respiratory burst in macrophages was tested by flow cytometry; the seventh, the effect of sodium houttuyfonate on the production of IL-1α and IL-1β from macrophages was tested by ELISA method.

在这一章中，首先，采用溶菌法考察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞分泌溶菌酶水平的影响；其次，采用游离酚法研究合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生的耐酒石酸酸性磷酸酶水平的影响；第三，采用显微镜观察法考察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响；第四，采用溶血法测定合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生的补体C4水平的影响；第五，采用酵母花环法检测合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞表面C3b受体水平的影响；第六，采用流式细胞术法观察合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞呼吸爆发的影响；第七，采用ELISA法探讨合成鱼腥草素对巨噬细胞产生IL-1α及IL-1β水平的影响。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

According to K-Ar dates and geochemistry of mafic dikes and previous works, the K-Ar data can be divided into five periods (146Ma, 132—138 Ma, 105—112Ma, 82—99Ma, 54-75Ma).

可将工作区基性岩脉的形成时代分为5期，分别是：第一期146Ma，第二期132～138Ma，第三期105～112Ma，第四期82～99Ma，第五期54～75Ma。

The introducing arrangement for this chapter is: Firstly, analyzing the amount of fixed asset investment at the whole society and rural areas(including the collections and the personals);analyzing the amount of fixed asset investment at the eastern, middle and the western provinces by second; after that, doing the up-date of farmer's investment and the rustically personal fixed asset investment at the eastern, middle and the western provinces; fourthly, making the analyses on the Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing, labor forces, amounts of chemical fertilizer-spraying and the actuality of watering irrigation; fifthly, analyses on the actuality of agriculturally basic construction investment in this chapter; sixthly, nationally financial investment; taking the up-date of nationally financial investment , especially the ones being used to support the farmers with the following;and finally, the up-date of other investment owner being analyzed.

首先，分析了全社会、农村固定资产投资额。其次，分析了东中西部省区农村集体固定资产投资。第三，分析了农户投资的现状及东中西部农村个人固定资产投资。第四，对农林牧渔、劳动力、化肥施用量和水利灌溉现状进行了分析。第五，对农业基本建设投资的现状进行了分析。第六，对国家财政投资，尤其是财政支农投资现状进行了分析。第七，对其它投资主体的现状进行了分析。

In this part,chpater 2 is about how to overcome the problem of uncomplete information.

在这部分中，第二章研究信息不足的制度克服；第三章研究信息不对称的制度克服；第四章研究信息错误的制度克服；第五章主要研究制度如何降低信息成本，该内容有相当部分散见于第二、三、四章之中，之所以还要对其单列一章作专门的论述，是因为信息成本的降低是信息失灵问题是否得到克服的最为重要的指标，信息成本的充分降低表明决策主体的信息充分、准确且对称分布性，这有助于减少决策主体的支出，增加其决策利益，因此需要对信息成本降低的障碍及路径等问题展开研究；第六章研究公权信息的公开问题，该章主要对公权信息的强制性披露问题进行研究，它本质上是一种克服信息不对称的制度，所以把它列入第三章第一节第一部分有关强制性信息披露制度之中也并无不可，但由于公权信息的公开涉及到公权层面，与有关对私权主体的强制性信息披露制度相比具有较多的特殊性，所以，本文对其专列一章予以阐述。

This paper consists of 7 chapters. Chapter one: illustrates the background, purpose and meaning of this study; the relevant studies on abroad and in domestic alike and the method and flow of thought of this study. Chapter two: clears the definition, pattern and principle of SPCSAFI, demonstrates the characteristics, functions and meanings of SPCSAFI. Chapter three: analogizes the situation will faced to SPCSAFI. Chapter four: points out the management pattern of SPCSAFI. Chapter five: explores the running mode of SPCSAFI. Chapter six: establishes the evaluating mode of SPCSAFI. Chapter seven: offers the effective tactics to promote the development of SPCSAFI.

本文共七章：第一章阐述了研究的背景、目的和意义，国内外相关研究的动态以及本研究的思路与方法；第二章界定了农林院校大学生社会实践的概念、类型和原则，阐述了农林院校大学生社会实践的特点、功能和意义；第三章分析了农林院校大学生社会实践面临的形势；第四章提出了农林院校大学生社会实践管理模式；第五章探索了农林院校大学生社会实践的运行模式；第六章建立了农林院校大学生社会实践的评价模式；第七章提出了促进农林院校大学生社会实践发展的有效对策。

If a tender agency in voilation of the provisions of this law, discloses confidential information or materials concerning the tendering and bidding, or colludes with tenderer or bidder to damage the legitimate interests of state, public or others. it shall be fined by 50 to 250 thousand Yuan and the person-in-charge and others directly responsible of unit shall be fined with amount of 5 to 10 percent of the fine of unit. The illegal gains if any shall be confiscated. if violation is serious, its qualification of tender commission may be suspended or even cancelled. if a crime has been constituted, the criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.

第五十条招标代理机构违反本法规定，泄露应当保密的与招标投标活动有关的情况和资料的，或者与招标人，投标人串通损害国家利益，社会公共利益或者他人合法权益的，处五万元以上二十五万元以下的罚款，对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处单位罚款数额百分之五以上百分之十以下的罚款；有违法所得的，并处没收违法所得；情节严重的，暂停直至取消招标代理资格；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

The following is the research frame of this dissertation:Chapter one: Introduce background, research significance, research object, research contents and methods of this dissertation; review the history of clusters theoretical research in detail; dissertate main research dynamic status of domestic and international;Chapter two: Through explain theoretical foundation of cluster research, it defines and demarcates clusters, introduces the concept of private enterprises" cluster on this basis, and summarizes current situation of Quanzhou private enterprises" cluster;Chapter three: Propose the concept of cluster competitiveness, collect and analysis those factors which influence cluster competitiveness, and set up an appraisal system of private enterprises" cluster competitiveness;Chapter four: Define developing stages of private enterprises" cluster with clusters" dominance competitiveness, analysis characteristic and law of private enterprises" cluster in different life cycle, give out strategic countermeasures separately which promote cluster competitiveness in different stage;Chapter five: On the basis chapter three and chapter four, propose what we can use cluster strategic planning to promote Quanzhou cluster competitiveness; and recommend thought of cluster strategic planning;Chapter six: Introduce the case of Quanzhou sports shoes cluster, use competitiveness appraise system and life cycle theory for empirical analysis, and put forward detailed countermeasure that can promote cluster competitiveness;Conclusion: Summarize the research of full dissertation, and point out some weaknesses of this dissertation.

本文的研究框架如下：第一章：介绍本文选题的背景、研究意义、研究对象、内容与方法，并详细论述集群理论研究的历史回顾及当前国内外主要研究动态；第二章：通过阐述产业集群研究的理论基础，定义及界定产业集群，在此基础上引入民营企业产业集群的概念，并归纳总结了泉州市民营企业产业集群的现状；第三章：提出产业集群竞争力的概念，对影响集群竞争力的因素进行分析，初步建立一套民营企业产业集群竞争力的评价体系；第四章：应用集群显性竞争力来界定民营企业产业集群发展的生命周期阶段，并分析民营企业产业集群在各个不同生命周期阶段呈现的特征及规律，分别给出在不同阶段提升集群竞争力的战略对策；第五章：在第三、四章的基础上提出应用产业集群战略规划来提升泉州民营企业产业集群的竞争力，并介绍了集群战略规划的思路；第六章：引入泉州运动鞋产业集群的案例，应用本文构建的集群竞争力评价体系及生命周期理论进行实证分析，并提出提升该集群竞争力的详细对策；结论：总结全文的研究，并指出本论文研究的一些不足之处。

As part of the study of social administration of Nanjing in the Republic of China, the thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter one explains the basic concepts of social administration and the development of modernization of Nanjing before 1927. It stresses the importance of social administration in city development through the depiction of social characteristics and problems of Nanjing. Chapter 2 introduced the theory of social administration of the Republic of China, under which the municipal institutions are structured. It focuses on the social theory of Sun Yat-sen and correlative comments of Jiang Kai-shi, which reflect the theoretic level and subjective intention of social reform of the Republic of China. Chapter 3 discusses the local autonomy of Nanjing of the Republic of China. The origin of democratic local autonomy theory and its influence over social administration are expatriated. The advantages and disadvantages of local autonomy are analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 focuses its discussion upon social rescue work, an important part of social administration, with general description of social rescue work in Nanjing and concludes the characteristics of social rescue work in the transition from the traditional to the modern society. Focusing on the prominent problem of the large flows and inflation of population of Nanjing, chapter 5 discusses the population and population management of Nanjing and outlines the population situation through analysis of the population problem, management methods and the current situation. Chapter 6 describes the unprecedentedly active citizen organizations and parties. The transform and changes of these organizations occurring under the new circumstances and their functions in social administration are analyzed to reveal the interactive function between government and social organizations in social administration. Chapter 7, the epilogue, makes theoretic evaluation of the characteristics of social administration and its revelation to the current society of Nanjing, hoping this research serves as a reference to the current time.

本文是民国南京社会管理研究的一个部分，由七个章节组成：第一章介绍了社会管理的基本概念和1927年以前南京社会近代化的变迁过程，通过对南京社会特点和社会问题的描述，阐明了社会管理在城市发展中的重要作用；第二章介绍了民国社会管理思想的基本内容和在此指导下的南京市政府有关机构的设置，着重阐述了孙中山的社会管理思想和蒋介石的有关论述，反映了国民政府的社会管理的认识水平及其实行社会改造的主观意图；第三章专题讨论了民国南京地方自治，对具有近代民主意义的地方自治思想的由来及其社会管理意义进行了阐述，具体分析了南京推行地方自治的利弊得失；第四章将社会救济事业作为社会管理的一项重要内容进行了讨论，描述了南京社会救济事业的基本概况并对从传统向近代过渡社会救济事业的若干特点进行了总结；第五章针对南京城市人口的大量流动和急剧膨胀这一突出的社会问题，集中讨论了南京的人口与人口管理，通过对南京人口问题、管理手段以及人口状况的分析，展示了南京人口构成的基本面貌；第六章描述了南京空前活跃的市民组织和社会团体，着意反映这些社会组织在新的条件下的转型和变化，分析其在社会管理中所发挥的作用，企望由此揭示政府与社会组织在社会管理中的互动作用；第七章为结语，对南京社会管理的特点及其对现实的启示进行了理论评价，力求本研究更能具有现实借鉴意义。

Such is the nature of man, that for your first gift - he prostrates himself; for your second - kisses your hand; for the third - fawns; for the fourth - just s his head once; for the fifth - becomes too familiar; for the sixth - insults you; and for the seventh - sues you because he was not given enough.

这就是人的天性，你给他第一个礼物的时候，他鞠躬。给第二个的时候，亲吻你的手。第三个，讨好你。第四个，他只点一下头。第五个，熟视无睹。第六个，耻笑你。第七个的时候，他控告你给得不够。

And if officials on the take are not parroting the opinions of these companies, what can we suppose the money they receive is for?

如果受贿的官员不鹦鹉学舌般地复述这些公司的看法，那他们所接受的钱又能用于什么目的呢？

Love them, and love you too, Pitcher.

爱他们，也爱你，投手。