第二十一

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

For a second day, hundreds of young people went on rampages in Athens and other cities in Greece following the killing of a teenage boy by police this weekend.

由于一名十几岁的男孩在周末被警方杀害，数百名年轻人已连续第二天在雅典和希腊的其他城市发动暴乱。

Recanting virginity pledges: The analysis also found that 52 percent of adolescent virginity pledgers in the 1995 survey disavowed the virginity pledge at the next survey a year later.

放弃处女宣誓的：分析报告也发现在第一次调查中有百分之五十二的处女宣誓者在一年过后的第二次调查中不承认处女宣誓。

Yet, with more than a dozen people to look after, Kevin needed another job. Everyday, he scavenges for recyclables in the rubbish dump, his skinny arms powerfully lifting heavy bags of plastic bottles. His mother is both proud and at pains to see him labor for the family.

不过要照顾一家十多人，柯彬还得兼第二份工作，每天他都会到垃圾山寻宝，细细的手臂，扛起沉重的一袋袋塑胶瓶子，母亲看他这样的为家里付出，既心疼也骄傲。

The project change in the Hongkong film industry can be summed up as follows. It is Chuang-tzu's Test in His Wife that makes a beginning of the Hongkong film industry. While Husband's Coming in Late, reviving traditional Cantonese films, unseals the markets of Singapore and Malaysia, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai completely occupies the market of Taiwan, the largest oversea market except for the mainland. And after Seventy-Two Tenants, as a sign of new industry, combines the Mandarin film with the Cantonese film, New Dragon Tavern goes further to find a new way to the market of the mainland. Not only do Stephen Chow's films become repeatedly a solace in downturn but also the blockbusters in the Chinese language film have a global integration, thus starting the second upsurge of the Eastern knight-errant film.

总括香港电影产业发展中的项目流变，《庄子试妻》项目开启了香港电影制片业；《郎归晚》项目使香港电影在失去内地市场后重新开启了新、马地区的市场，并引导了传统粤语片的再度复兴；《梁山伯与祝英台》项目使香港电影彻底占领了台湾市场，促使这一除内地外最大的国语片市场成为香港电影的主要市场之一；《七十二家房客》项目使香港电影的国、粤语片产业走向合流，形成了新的香港电影产业；《新龙门客栈》项目则又在香港电影的全胜时期再次叩开了内地市场的大门，为香港电影找到了新出路；&周星驰电影&项目不但屡屡成为低迷时期的救市之作，还将香港电影经济提升到了新的档次；新世纪之后的华语大片项目更是整合了全球华语电影力量，继李小龙电影后第二次掀起东方武侠电影的热潮，创立了华语动作片品牌，并从产业、技术和美学层面将华语电影和新全球电影成功对接。

Our second stage was the building of a building of twenty storeys.

我们的第二期工程是建造一座二十层高的大楼。

As one 19th century French writer put it,"The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest."

如同十九世纪一位法国作家所写的：「第一天是客人，第二天是累赘，第三天就是讨厌鬼了。

As one 19th century French writer put it,"The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest."

如同十九世纪一位法国作家所写的：「第一天是客人，第二天是负担，第三天就是憎恶鬼了。

As one 19thcentury French writer put it, The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest.

如同十九世纪一位法国作家所写的：第一天是客人，第二天是负担，第三天就是讨厌鬼了。

As one 19th century French writer put it,"The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest."

如同十九世纪一位法国作家所写的：「第一天是客人，第二天是负担，第三天 www.8ttt8.com 讨厌鬼了。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。