第三物

The paper points that the insurance subrogation should comprise two part: the right of subrogation and the jus ad rem of subrogation ; then, the paper analyzes its constitutive requirements, legal relation, essence, characters and its functions.

文章首先为保险代位正名，指出保险代位是保险人享有的、代位行使被保险人对造成保险标的损害而负有民事责任的第三人的求偿权或取得被保险人对保险标的残余物的所有权的一种权利，它应包括权利代位和物上代位两层含义

Article 4 The term external guarantees used in these detailed rules refers to guarantees provided by institutions within the Chinese territory (hereinafter referred to as the guarantor) by way of producing guarantee letters, stand-by letters of credit, promissory notes, checks and drafts, mortgages by properties stipulated in Article 34 of the Guarantee Law of the PRC, hypothecation by moving properties according to provisions stipulated in Section 1 of Chapter 4 of the Guarantee Law of the PRC or by rights stipulated in Article 75 of Section 2 provided by institutions within the Chinese territory to institutions outside China or foreign-funded financial institutions inside China (creditors or beneficiaries, hereinafter referred to as the creditors) with the pledges that when the debtor (hereinafter referred to as the guaranteed) fails to repay the debts in line with the contract, the guarantors shall perform the obligations of payment or the creditors may put the mortgaged or hypothecated assets to auction according to the Guarantee Law and enjoy priority in getting compensations from the proceeds there-from.

第四条 《办法》所称对外担保，是指中国境内机构以保函、备用信用证、本票、汇票等形式出具对外保证，或者以《中华人民共和国担保法》中第三十四条规定的财产对外抵押或者以《担保法》第四章第一节规定的动产对外质押和第二节第七十五条规定的权利对外质押，向中国境外机构或者境内的外资金融机构（债权人或者受益人，以下称受益人）承诺，当债务人未按照合同约定履行义务时，由担保人履行义务；或者受益人依照《担保法》将抵押物或者质押物折价拍卖、变卖的价款优先受偿。

Chapter one is a general introduction to financial leasing, in which the author discusses the definition, legal nature and features of financial leasing. Moreover, the author defines the nature of "international" in "international financial leasing" as different business sites of both the leasor and leasee in different countries. In Chapter two the author probes into the various manifestations of breaches of contract by both the leasor and the leasee in financial leasing on the basis of a careful analysis of the regulations in both Anglo-American law system and the civil law system, CISG and Unidroit Principles of International Commercial contracts as well as our country"s law. In Chapter three the author studies the respective legal problems concerning bankruptcy of both the leasor and the leasee, including the leaser"s right to take back the leased assets. The last chapter is the conclusion of this dissertation , in which the author , on the basis of the first three chapters, puts forward his suggestions on the perfection of our country"s financial leasing law and thinks that a financial leasing law be passed to regulate both parties" conducts in the transaction and the whole transaction of the leasor should be supervised by a uniform government organism.

第一章为国际融资租赁的概述，对融资租赁的概念、法律性质、特征及其国际性进行了探讨；第二章通过对英美法系和大陆法系国家法律及CISG和国际商事合同通则中关于违约及其救济的分析研究，并结合我国《合同法》的规定，主要探讨了国际融资租赁交易中各方当事人的具体违约形态及其救济措施；第三章探讨了国际融资租赁交易中出租人和承租人破产情形下的相关法律问题，主要分析了破产财产、破产债权及在承租人破产情形下出租人对租赁物的取回权等法律问题；第四章为本文的结论部分，在前三章的基础上，从私法和公法的角度对我国融资租赁法律体系的完善提出了建议，认为我国应制定专门的融资租赁法来规范该交易中可能出现的各种法律问题，并应统一对融资租赁业加以监管。

According to the experiment results of degradation in field, degradation mechanism of the biodegradable mulch film can include four stages: the first, the material surface appeared deficiency while the surface area and interstice increased of material in the action of natural environment and microorganism; the second, along with the surface area and interstice of material increased and the gap strengthened, the chemical chain of the high polymer's principal chain broke as a result of the hydrolysis or the enzymatic effect in the action of hydration, causing the molecular weight and mechanics function descended; the third, the molecular of high polymer split the low polymer after its physical mechanical function descended, the material decomposed the fragments, the mass defect intensified; the fourth, the low polymer of fragments form in the natural environment, the microorganism, the biological enzyme became the smaller fragments, thus absorbed by the phagocytes, or further turn into CO2 and H2O due to hydrolysis.

根据田间降解试验结果推测，生物全降解地膜的降解机理可能包括四个阶段：第一，在自然环境、微生物作用下，材料表面出现缺陷，同时表面积增大、空隙增多；第二，随着材料表面积的增大、空隙的增多，吸水性增强，在自水合作用下，高聚物主链由于水解或酶解而使化学链断裂，导致分子量和力学性能下降；第三，在其物理机械性能下降后，高聚物分子链断裂为低聚物分子，材料裂解为碎片状，质量损失加剧；第四，碎片状低聚物在自然环境、微生物、生物酶作用下进一步水解变成尺寸更小的碎片，从而被吞噬细胞吸收，或进一步水解，生成CO2和H2O。

Chapter three analyses the effect of civil execution auction, based on the doctrine of public law. The right of preemption ought to be protected. The vendee acquires the original title and should not claim warrant of defects.

第三章探讨了民事执行拍卖的效力问题，集中分析了优先购买权的保护、拍卖物所有权的取得、拍卖物的瑕疵担保责任、拍卖物上权利负担的处理等几个方面的问题。

Thirdly,in the view of some different results between the reaction of complexes(2)、(3)and[(Me_3Si)_2N]_3LnLi_3 with aromatic aldehydes, the reaction of 2 equiv of aromatic aldehydes with 1 equiv of lithium amide(1) catalyzed by the YCl_3 was subsequently studied,and better yields of the corresponding amides and alcohols can be isolated.These results indicated that the enolate ligand in complexes(2)、(3)may have impact on the Cannizzaro disproportionation reaction.

第三，鉴于上述配合物2、3和[(Me_3Si_2)2_N]_3LnLi_3与芳香醛反应结果上的一些差别，我们又以三氯化钇为催化剂，将两当量的芳香醛与一当量化合物1的锂盐直接进行反应，结果以较好的产率得到了相应的酰胺和醇，这说明配合物2、3中所含的乙烯醇基可能对此Cannizzaro-型歧化反应存在一定的影响。

They are:In the third chapter, the crystal structures of these new dca complexes are described anddiscussed in detail. Besides two mononuclear complexes, 1 and 2, complexes 3～15 arecoordination polymer with novel and interesting structural characteristics. 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 are 1Dpolymers, 4 and 5 are of 2D extending structure, while 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 form thefirstly reported series heteronuclear dca coordination polymer, in which (except 10) differentbuilding blocks, with different metal ions in them, construct interesting architecture, like α-and β-type 〓 chains, ladder chain 〓, scaffold structure of 12, and "sandwich"layer structure in 15 and 16, etc..

这些配合物是：第三章中，我们详细描述讨论了这些新型的二氰胺配合物的晶体结构，除两个单核配合物1和2之外，其余十五个为配位聚合物并具有新颖和有趣的结构特征。3，6，7，8，9是一维配位聚合物，4和5则呈现二维扩展结构，而10，11，12，13，14，15，16，17属于首次报道的一系列的二氰胺异金属配位聚合物，其中(除10外)含有不同金属离子的构造&砌块&可构建出有趣的结构，如α-和β-型〓链，梯形链〓，12中的脚手架结构，以及15和16中的&三明治&层状结构等。

In the third chapter, eight new complexes of 4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine 2-thioacetic acid with rare earth metals has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR,〓 NMR and TG-DTA. The general formula of the complexes is Ln〓(n=4 or 5). In the complexes, the deprotonated ligand coordinated to the rare earth metal ions in chelate bidentate mode. 4 or 5 molecular of crystal water existed in the complexes.

第三章合成了八种4，6-二甲基嘧啶-2-硫代乙酸的稀土配合物，通过元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和热重-差热对配合物进行了表征，研究结果表明，配合物的组成为Ln〓n=4或5），在配合物中配体羧基脱去质子后采用螯合双齿的方式与稀土离子形成配位键，同时，配合物中含有4或5个结晶水。

Namely, with advancing growth stage, Changes of nutritional compositions in range and velocity for first-cut alfalfa were bigger than those for second-cut alfalfa.

不同茬次初花期的苜蓿养分比较结果为：第一茬苜蓿的消化率、粗蛋白、无氮浸出物含量显著高于后两茬(P＜0.05)，而在第二茬与第三茬之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；CF、NDF、ADF含量第二茬最高，第一茬和第三茬无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；CASh含量第一茬较高；各茬次中EE、Ca、P含量较小，变化不大。

Third eyelid biopsy revealed mucus-like materials from the base of the third eyelid.

第三眼睑探查发现内有黏液样物鬓由第三眼睑基部穿出。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。