第三物

It is demonstrated that the chiral quaternary ammonium salts catalysts exhibit promising catalytic properties for the substrate. Part III: The synthesis and the characterizing of the macroporous aminomethyl resin-supported cinchona alkaloid complexes and the study on its catalytic properties The part consists of two subsections. the macroporous aminomethyl resin -supported cinchona alkaloid complexes were synthesized by the stuff (cinchonine, quinine and macroporous aminomethyl resin). Their structures were characterized by means of elemental analysis, XPS, TG/DTA; the chiral polymer-supported complexes were first used as catalysts for the reduction of ketones. Their catalytic properties for the reduction processes were investigated. The comparison of the products e.e., the conversion of the substrate among different reduction processes was employed with determined by HPLC. The effects of the time, the temperature, the ratio of catalyst to substrate, reaction solvent as well as the recycle times were also discussed.

第三章聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱金属络合物的合成与表征及其不对称催化性能研究本章分为两节，以辛可宁和奎宁及聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯为原料，合成了4种聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱络合物催化剂，并对它们的结构用元素分析、X-射线光电子能谱、TG/DTA等几种测试手段进行了表征；首次将所合成的手性高分子负载的金属络合物用于催化芳香酮不对称还原反应，详细研究了所得的手性高分子负载的金属络合物对不同底物的催化性能，用HPLC等分析手段定量检测了还原过程的底物转化率及其产物对映异构体选择性，并考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂和底物投料比、反应溶剂和循环次数对催化性能的影响。

Yet when the pledge is damaged by different parties,the relief of the security interest varies as follows:if caused by the debtor, he is deprived of his interest of period;if by the pledgor（the warrantor offering the pledge）,who failed to offer additionalp ledge,the liability of infringing the security interest will be imposed on him,besides the deprival of the deb-tor' s interest of period.

担保物被毁损时，担保物权之救济因毁损人不同而有区别：债务人毁损担保物的，可剥夺债务人的期限利益；担保人毁损担保物且不提供增担保的，除剥夺债务人的期限利益外，还可进一步追究担保人侵犯担保物权的责任；第三人毁损担保物的，担保物权人可对担保人的损害赔偿请求权进行物上代位，而不必主张侵害担保物权，同时，担保人也可主动提出增担保以阻止物上代位的发生。

With regard to the scope of subject matter of lien, it includes not only personal property, but also real property and valuable instruments which possess characteristicics of personal property; contains not noly merchantable things, but also prohibited merchantable things and limited merchantable things, chapter III is about question of deadiline of lien, lien isnt invalid as prescription of quaranteed obligatory right completes ,but lienor possesses the fruits odf subject matter of lien, because of his occupying cubject matter of lien, because of his occapying subject matter of lien.therefore lien is different from mortgage, is without excluded period.

然后，第二章，针对我国留置权适用范围、留置物范围限缩的现实，提出了留置权不仅即适用除原规定的几类合同〔加工、运输、保管、行纪上，也应适用于无因管理等准合同关系中；而在留置物范围上，即应包括动产，也应当包括不动产和具有动产特定的有价证券；即包括流通物，也包括不可流通物与限制流通物。第三章是关于留置权时效、期限的问题。

A,an=not ab,abs=away ad,a,ac,ad,af,al,an,ap,as,at=to;at ambi=both ana=up ante=before anti=against auto=self be=do bene=good cata=complete cent=hundred circum=around co,com,con=together contra=against de=down,off dec,deka=ten dia=across dis=apart duo,di,twi=two dys=bad en=make ento=inside epi=upon equi=equal eu=good ex,ec,e=out fore=ahead hetero=different holo=complete homo=same hyper=above hypo=below in,il,im,ir=inside;not infra=below inter,intel=between intra,intro=within iso=same macro=big mal=bad medi=middle mega=giant meta=change micro=small mis=wrongly mono=one multi,poly=many neo=new nona,ennea=nine ob,oc,of,op=toward oct=eight omni=all orth=straight pan=all para=beside per=through peri=around post=after pre,pri=before prin=first pro=forward quad,tetra=four quint,penta=five re=back retro=back se=apart semi,demi,hemi=half sept,hepta=seven sext,hexa=six solo=alone sub,suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sur,sus=under super,sur=over supra=above syn,sym=same tele=far trans,tra=across tri,ter=three un,ne,non=not uni=one ultra=beyond

成年人学英文的第一课和第二课刊出后，有数位读者写E-mail给我。有一位说道：「一篇文章的每一个单字都查到解释了，但整篇文章就是看不懂，怎麼办？」另一位说：「我的文法很差，没办法写完整的英文句子，要如何补救？」当发音和字汇都掌握住学习要领之后，剩下的就是「读」和「写」了，这才符合学习英文的正确步骤：听→说→读→写。台湾传统的学习方式由「写」开始，再「读」，然后才「说」，最后再去补救「听」力，可以说是背道而行，难怪效果不彰。那麼学习「读」的要诀是什麼呢？当然最重要的是能够了解整个句子的涵义。记得初中的时候背了很多文法规则，考试的分数虽然很高，但是对「读」的能力没有帮助。连那个时候流行的「英语九百句型」，也从来没有耐心读完过。然而我们今天能够看懂中文的文章，难道是因为我们熟悉中文的文法吗？答案是否定的。同样地，一个美国人虽然能阅读报纸，但是要求他做「英文文法分析」，他可能也会傻眼。英文的句子其实不需要去靠文法书中的规则去了解，文法书只应当作参考书，在有疑惑的时候才去查阅。平常应养成「约定成俗」的习惯，就是看别人怎麼用，然后「依样画葫芦」，日积月累，文法规则就化为无形了。因此，要训练「读」的技巧，不应该是靠文法规则，而是要多读。但是在读之前，要具备「了解句子」的基本能力，这就是我们的第三课─了解英文句子的要诀。了解英文句子的关键，在於先抓住「主词」和「动词」。看到一句很长的英文句子，不要害怕：先找主词，再找动词。动词如果是「及物动词」，再去找「受词」。主词、动词、受词之外，剩下的通通当做修饰语，有的修饰主词，有的修饰动词，有的修饰受词，有的修饰全句；任何两个完整的句子都可以用连接词连接起来。以上简单几句话，就是了解英文句子的基本观念。了解英文句子的第二步是熟悉英语的五种基本句型，其中前两种与不及物动词有关，后三种与及物动词有关。以下的句子中，用大括号表示{主词}或{受词}，中括号表示，剩下的部份都是修饰语。第一种与不及物动词有关的基本句型叫做「简单不及物句型」（Intransitive Verb，简称I），请背住以下五个句子

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

NodD binds to and bends target promoters through anchoring two tandem and individual specific DNA sites. NodD functions as a tetramer, which has a V-shaped main body. Tetrameric NodD is to change its own conformation rather than its oligomeric forms in response to small signal molecules. The specific interaction between each NodD DNA-binding domain and each specific DNA site does not alter itself in spite of naringenin induction, and the induced conformational change is transferred from protein to DNA. Only the DNA conformation incited by induced NodD is competent for RNA polymerase to form the transcriptional open complex. It cannot be excluded that NodD may have protein-to-protein contacts with RNA polymerase, and that the NodD conformational change may also directly contribute to the transcriptional open complex formation. However, the NodD conformational change itself cannot serve as the determinant of the transcriptional molecular switch.

通过研究，我们提出了初步的NodD操纵子激活模型：第一，四聚体是NodD蛋白的功能单位，它通过铆钉两个串联的相对独立的DNA靶位点结合被诱导的启动子；第二，小分子配基的结合是改变NodD四聚体的构象而不是引发不同形式的寡聚体，在我们的模型中，NodD四聚体缩小其V形主体的弯折角，进而缩短其DNA结合功能域的间距；第三，小分子信号的诱导并没有改变NodD的DNA结合域和其DNA靶位点的相互作用，NodD的构象改变由蛋白质经其双铆钉位点传递给DNA；第四，只有诱导状态的NodD激发的DNA构象才能有效地使RNA聚合酶形成转录开放复合物；第五，不排除NodD与RNA聚合酶可能有直接的相互接触位点，不排除NodD构象的改变可能直接有利于RNA聚合酶形成转录开放复合物，但是我们认为NodD构象改变本身不是充当转录激活开关的决定因素。

Also mainly dissuades the right conflict and balanced which are arisen from the both parties action, the one party bankrupt, the object damaged by the third person and the third person damaged by the object.

主要讨论了双方当事人的行为引发的权利冲突与协调、一方当事人破产引发的权利冲突与协调、第三人侵害标的物引发的权利冲突与协调及标的物致害第三人引发的权利冲突与协调等几种情形。

One transcript contains exon 3 and 4, the second contains exons 1, 3 and 4 and the third contains all four exons.

其中一个转录物包含第3、4号外显子，第二个包含第1、3、4号外显子，第三个转录物包含有全部4个外显子。

A method for making Bisphenol A with a purity of more than 99.7% by reacting phenol and acetone using an acid catalyst, separating a BPA-phenol adduct by crystallisation and removing phenol from the adduct, in which involves continuous suspension crystallisation with a total dwell time of more than 4 hours in at least 3 crystallisers, by cooling first to 50-70 C in two parallel crystallisers and then to 40-50 C in a third crystalliser connected in series with the first two.; A method for the production of Bisphenol A with a purity of more than 99.7%, by reacting phenol with acetone in presence of an acid catalyst, separating a BPA-phenol adduct from the product mixture by crystallisation, filtration and washing, and removing the phenol from the adduct, in which stage involves continuous suspension crystallisation in at least three crystallisers connected in such a way that the mixture is first cooled to 50-70 C in two crystallisers in parallel and then cooled to 40-50 C in a third crystalliser in series with the first two, the total residence time of the mixture over all crystallisers being more than 4 hours.

描述用于生产纯度大于99.7％的双酚例如，双酚A(BPA的方法，这种方法包含苯酚和丙酮在有酸性催化剂参与的情况下反应形成一个包含双酚的产物混合物；通过结晶、过滤和洗涤从该产物混合物中以双酚/苯酚复合物的形式除去至少一部分双酚以提供双酚A/苯酚复合物晶体；并且从双酚/苯酚复合物晶体中除去至少一部分的苯酚以提供纯度大于99.7％的双酚；其中结晶过程包括连续的混悬液结晶，并且是在至少三个结晶装置中进行的，装置的排列使得产物混合物首先在结晶过程的第一阶段在第一个结晶装置和并联的第二个结晶装置中被冷却到50至70℃的温度，随后在结晶过程的第二阶段在与第一和第二个结晶装置下游串联的第三个结晶装置中被冷却到40至50℃的温度，并且其中产物混合物在结晶过程中的总驻留时间在4小时以上。

While the most descriptive accounts of the Gardens come from Greek historians such as Berossus and Diodorus Siculus, Babylonian records stay silent on the matter.

目录 导言宗教的实质第一编原始的梦境：原始宗教第一章宗教的产生第二章图腾崇拜第三章祖先崇拜、灵物崇拜和偶像崇拜第四章从多神崇拜到一神崇拜第五章古埃及宗教第六章古巴比伦宗教第二编苦难者的宗教：犹太教第一章犹太民族的诞生第二章以色列人在埃及第三章出埃及记第四章以色列人定居巴勒斯坦第五章欧洲人统治下的犹太人第六章犹太人的大流散第七章犹太人回归故土的热望第八章犹太教经典第三编天国之道：基督教第一章耶稣传奇第二章基督教的产生第三章基督教的变迁第四章中世纪基督教第五章改革运动第六章近代基督教第七章经典、组织和礼仪第四编信主独一：伊斯兰教第一章伊斯兰教之前的阿拉伯第二章伊斯兰教的产生第三章早期伊斯兰教的传播第四章哈里发时代第五章四大王朝时代第六章近现代的伊斯兰教第七章伊斯兰教派运动第八章经典和礼仪第五编痛苦中的生路：佛教第六编信仰的疆土：宗教在世界各国……购买此商品的顾客也购买了·文学简史·东方哲学简史/简史文丛系列·快读二十四史·千万别卖家具--终端销售攻略·读者文摘精粹版1：幸福像花儿一样查看此商品的顾客也查看了·宗教简史·神圣的存在--比较宗教的范型·神之简史·中国人的心灵图谱：魂魄·世界宗教寻踪

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。