第七

In preface, author discusses the meaning of this study and the actual state of research about culture of Tibetan oath at home and abroad. The first chapter analyzes two basic sources of oath culture. In the second chapter, by analyzing literature and actual examples, author explores the problem which the definition of "oath" is unclear in Tibetan dictionary. Combining with the definition of oath, in the third chapter ,the author differs the concept among promise, treaty, bargain and caution money. The fourth chapter is mainly about the element of oath; In the fifth chapter , author divides and explores the different content and meaning of Tibetan oath.

前言"论述了这篇论文的研究意义和目前国内外对于藏族盟誓文化的研究现状；第一章"盟誓文化的产生"论述了盟誓习俗产生的两个基本根源：思想根源和社会根源；第二章"盟誓的定义"通过分析文献资料和实例，对一些藏文词典中存在的对于"盟誓"的定义不够明确的问题进行了商榷和探讨；第三章"盟誓和几个近义词的区别"结合盟誓的定义，对诺言、条约、契约、保证金几个概念的定义进行区分；第四章"盟誓的要素"结合《格萨尔王传》论述了盟誓需要具备的要素；第五章"誓言的内容特征"中结合《格萨尔王传》中的盟誓形式，划分和探讨藏族盟誓的不同内容和意义；第六章"遵守誓言的意义和不守誓言的罪孽"通过相关文献资料分别探讨了遵守誓言的积极影响和不守誓的消极影响；第七章"违誓忏悔"论述了在违背誓言后，反省改过的意义；最后，"后记对《格萨尔王传》中的盟誓文化进行了概括总结，指出这一文化突显了藏族人民崇尚真诚的品格和渴望和谐的心愿。

Secondly, before reseeding white clove and cocksfoot firing disposal should be done to the main weed and the dead substance on pasture in June.

18.1 提高牧草生长速率的有效优化调控技术是：第一，7～10月牧草生长旺季适当增加载畜量；第二，6月份对草地主要杂草和死物质进行火烧处理，然后补播白三叶和鸭茅；第三，6月初雨期撒施钙镁磷肥、尿素；第四，实施划区围栏，有效控制放牧面积；第五，每年5—10月刈割杂草；第六，适度减少人工草地中非洲狗尾草和狼尾草的比例或予以清除；第七，在与常年风向垂直的地段建植防护林带。

Under Gregory VII the pope's legates traversed France from north to south, they convoked and presided over numerous councils, and, in spite of sporadic and incoherent acts of resistance, they deposed bishops and excommunicated princes just as in Germany and Spain In the following two centuries Gallicanism is even yet unborn; the pontifical power attains its apogee in France as elsewhere, St. Bernard, then the standard bearer of the University of Paris, and St. Thomas outline the theory of that power, and their opinion is that of the school in accepting the attitude of Gregory VII and his successors in regard to delinquent princes, St. Louis, of whom it has been sought to make a patron of the Gallican system, is still ignorant of it -- for the fact is now established that the Pragmatic Sanction, long attributed to him was a wholesale fabrication put together (about 1445) in the purlieus of the Royal Chancellery of Charles VII to lend countenance to the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.

根据第七格雷戈里教皇legates走过法国从北到南，他们召集和主持理事会众多，尽管零星的和不连贯的抵抗行为，他们废黜主教逐出教会和王子一样在德国和西班牙在以下两个世纪Gallicanism甚至尚未出生的宗座权力达到其地点在法国与其他地方一样，圣伯纳德，然后旗手的巴黎大学和圣托马斯大纲的理论，权力，他们的看法是，学校在接受的态度格雷戈里七和他的继任者方面的不良王子，圣路易斯，其中已力求使赞助的高卢圣制度，仍然是不了解它-为现在的事实是成立的务实的制裁，长期归因於他是一个批发加工整理（约1445 ）在purlieus皇家总理的查理七世的面容贷款的语用制裁的布尔。

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

From third chapter to seventh chapter , unscrambled detailedly Godard's five films.

第三章《筋疲力尽》重点分析了影片运用到的长镜头和"跳接手法"的运用；第四章《阿尔法城》从分析叙事结构开始，详细分析了该片黑白影像以及光影的美学效果；第五章《中国姑娘》把影片色彩、画面的几何线条作为研究重点；第六章《狂人皮埃罗》从心理学上对影片的色彩展开分析，重点探讨画面的不对称构图；第七章《卡宾枪手》从电影符号学的角度对该片的镜头语言进行分析。

The old idea should be broken and the logistics has no national boundaries. It is a useful way to make betters be hand in hand. Secondly, the third party logistics must be combined with the high-tech means. Thirdly, the logistics industry is based on human resource and scientific management. Fourthly, it is the important ensure that increasing the investment to build and rebuild the basic facility. Fifthly, a proper service-consciousness and a professional etiquette are necessary for logistics enterprise and it is a golden saying that the client is god and the credit worthiness is life. Sixthly, the government should enhance the function to control the market behavior to be standard and establish a competition system which is fair and reasonable, that will lead the logistics to set a right development. Seventhly, a correct logistics theory will guide the industry to grow fast and improve the manage level. Finally, we should enrich and consummate the logistics theory that will afford a practice theory utility to logistics plan of our nation.

本文根据我国第三方物流的现状，提出了以下实施策略：第一，发展第三方物流，必须树立大系统、大网络的思想，必须走出国门，打破国界，实现强强联合；第二，现代第三方物流业必须与高科技的资讯手段相结合；第三，以人为本，强化管理是发展现代物流业的基本保证；第四，加大基础设施的投入和改造是保持竞争优势的重要保障；第五，第三方物流的企业必须有端正的服务意识和良好的职业道德，必须坚持"恪守信誉，客户至上"的原则；第六，加强政府职能，规范市场行为，建立公平合理的市场竞争机制，引导第三方物流产业健康地发展；第七，加强现代物流理论研究，增强对我国物流产业的指导，提高管理水平；最后，充实和完善物流规划的理论体系，为我国物流规划工作提供切实可行的理论工具。

Part One is an introduction focusing on the background,the significance and the purpose of the present study.Part two provides a brief overview of a theoretical review on the nature of reading process,a brief review of 3 traditional methods of teaching in reading and research on TBLT in china and abroad.Part three introduces Constructivism,Krashen"s "Input and Interactionist Hypothesis" and The affective filter hypothesis,which construct a theoretical frame for the study.Part four provides the application of TBLT to teaching reading in senior middle school,mainly including fundamental principles,types of the reading task design and finally introducing the design of TBLT models in senior high school according to Willis"task-implementing model in teaching.Part five elaborates the experiment itself,mainly including the hypothesis of the present study,the procedures of the experiments and questionnaires.Part six is data collection and analyses.The result of the experiment shows that TBLT is more effective than traditional method in senior middle school English reading.Part seven draws a conclusion to the study.Implications as well as limitations are discussed here.

陈述了目前研究的背景，意义和目的；第二部分为文献综述，介绍三种阅读模式，以往阅读课所用的传统教法及其局限性；任务的定义，国内外对任务型教学的研究；第三部分为任务型教学的理论基础，介绍了构建主义理论，克拉申的输入假设理论，情感过滤假设；第四部分探讨了任务型教学在高中英语阅读教学的具体应用，包括阅读课设计的原则，类型，以及根据Willis的教学模式所设计的高中英语阅读教学模式；第五部分为实验部分，包括本研究的假设、实验方法、实验过程、测量工具等；第六部分数据收集和分析，结果表明：任务型教学提高英语阅读教学成绩比传统的教法有效；第七部分是本研究的结论，本研究对外语阅读教学的启示及本研究的局限性。

The main contents involve:(1)Character 着 ZHE;(2)The exceeding combination of verb reduplication;(3)The reduplicated adjectives and some special combination;(4) The reduplication of non-adjectives;(5) The reduplicated quantifiers;(6) The suffix 儿 ER;(7) The interrogative sentence 格 GE VP;(8)The special usage of V 得 DE and its sentence pattern.

本文主要运用描写语言学的方法，研究以下昆明方言虚词和某些句法现象：第一、&着&字，第二、动词重叠超常句法组配，第三、形容词重叠，第四、非形容词重叠式词及其特殊组配，第五、量词的特殊组配，第六、儿化，第七、&格VP&句，第八、特殊&V得&及其句型等其他问题。

On the 30th Olympic Games, loudhailer transmits sound: 100 meters of final are about to undertake the man, the first is the player Bi Yuntao that comes from China , the 2nd is to come from player Jibasai of Spain to enter than in, the 3rd is well of company of the island like the player that comes from Japan child, the 4th is the player gold gun that comes from Korea, the 5th is Japanese player GT red, the 6th is to come from the player cloth Luo Bushu of Russia to take this base, the 7th is the player that comes from Mongolia cling to work suddenly, finally is the player Ruan no use that comes from Vietnam together.

在第30届奥运会上，扬声器传来声音：男子一百米决赛即将进行，第一道是来自中国的选手毕运涛，第二道是来自西班牙的选手基巴塞进比里，第三道是来自日本的选手般岛社井子，第四道是来自韩国的选手金枪正，第五道是日本选手GT正红，第六道是来自俄罗斯的选手布罗布舒服斯基，第七道是来自蒙古的选手巴了猛干，最后一道是来自越南的选手阮无用。

The fifth chapter examines how the Research Clique, an intellectual group closely related to the Progressive Party and the constitutionalists, perceived revolution by studying their journal Jiefang yu gaizao (The Emancipation and Reconstruction Semi-Monthly).

职是之故，论文共分八章：第一章交代方法；第二章绘测五四知识场及其组成；第三章以五四前期掀起新文化巨浪的《新青年Ⅰ》为对象，理解当时最活跃的新文化份子在经历建立共和及其后乱象后，到底是如何延续辛亥的革命思考；第四章分析国民党群体的《建设》、《星期评论》，以明了他们在三民主义旗帜下的革命观；第五章以研究系的《解放与改造》为分析对象，看这群与进步党或立宪派渊源颇深的知识群体，又是如何理解革命的；第六章则把视线转移至自由派知识份子的《努力周报》，看这群受英美自由思潮、实验主义影响的群体怎样在细部改良的思想驱动下与革命思潮相抗；第七章则分析热烈拥抱革命的马克主义群体的《新青年Ⅱ》、《向导》，以期还原他们的革命理论；第八章则综合此前所得，挑明五四的革命论理形态大致可分为静态革命观与能动革命观两类。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。