第一级

The Fourth Construction Company of SINOPEC is a large enterprise directly under theChina Petrochemica l Engineering Corporation and the Grade 1 nationa l constructioncontractor ma inly for petrochemica l construction as well as one of the 33 key large constructionenterprises highly supported by the Ministry of Construction.

中国石化集团第四建设公司是以石油化工工程建设为主的国家工程施工总承包一级企业，是中国石油化工集团直属、国家建设部重点抓好的33家大型建筑企业之一。

In chapter 2,nonlinear model and linear model of the single inverted pendulum are given.

第2章给出了一级旋转式倒立摆系统的非线性数学模型和线性化数学模型。

In chapter 4, test for M×N-bits CSA array multiplier with a 4-bits CLA adder chain as its last stage and CC multiplier with 4:2 compressor as its basic cell in the compressor part are studied.

基于以上原因，本论文第4章研究了最后一级为4位CLA加法器链的M×N位CSA阵列乘法器和以4∶2压缩器为基本单元的列压缩乘法器的测试问题。

Article 3 The principles of application by enterprises, one-level issuance and jurisdictional supervision shall be adopted in the administration and issuance of work safety licenses.

第三条 安全生产许可证的颁发管理工作实行企业申请、一级发证、属地监管的原则。

The quotation from the Sixth Patriarch is at the level of principle.

报价从第六宗是一级的原则。

The fourth part summarizes today's "township government and village self-governance"regime, especially mentions the problems and troubles encountered by the township government. An introduction of academic circles'reformable approaches toward the present township government's model is also provided here in the hope to offer enlightenment.

第四部分概述了现阶段"乡政村治"体制，尤其是乡镇政权一级所面临的问题和困境，进而介绍了理论界关于现时期乡村治理模式的几种改革观点。

The differential equations of motion and the state space model of the single inverted pendulum nonconservative damping system are deduced by using the second kind Lagrange equation.

利用第二类Lagrange方程推导了一级倒立摆非保守有阻尼系统的运动微分方程和状态空间模型。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Article 34 If the investigation is ended, the PBOC or its branch institution at the provincial level shall make an Notice of Unsealing (see Annex 10) of the documents and materials sealed up for preservation and formally notify the financial institution to unseal the documents and materials sealed up for preservation.

第三十四条结束调查的，对已经封存的文件、资料，中国人民银行或者其省一级分支机构应当制作《解除封存通知书》(见附10)，正式通知金融机构解除封存。

Article 32 Where a financial institution is under any of the following circumstances, the administrative department of anti-money laundering of the State Council or its authorized dispatched organ at or above the districted city level shall order it to correct. In the case of serious circumstances, a fine of 20, 000 yuan up to 50, 000 yuan shall be imposed on the financial institution and a fine of 10, 000 yuan up to 50, 000 yuan shall be imposed upon its directly liable chairman, senior manager or any other person

第三十二条金融机构有下列行为之一的，由国务院反洗钱行政主管部门或者其授权的设区的市一级以上派出机构责令限期改正；情节严重的，处二十万元以上五十万元以下罚款，并对直接负责的董事、高级管理人员和其他直接责任人员，处一万元以上五万元以下罚款

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。