符号的

The task of translation is as follows: First, an understanding of the cultural and experimental worlds that lie behind the original act of speaking or of writing, ways into their schemata. Second, an understanding of the potential of the two semiotic systems in terms of their image-making. Third, a making intelligible of the linguistic choices expressed in the message. Fourthly, an opportunity to explore the social psychological intentions of the originator of the message matched against ones own. Lastly, a challenge to match all of these with our appropriate response in our semiotic and linguistic system, and our culture. Traditional translation theory also presented means of differentiating and categorizing translation types, including metaphrase, imitation and paraphrase.

翻译的任务是：首先，要理解隐藏在原文中的现实世界及其文化内涵；其次，要理解两种不同语言中的不同符号学体系下的潜在意象；第三，要从语篇的信息中了解其所反映的语言学方面的选择；第四，要探究原文作者与译者自身在社会心理方面的不同倾向；第五，翻译也是一种挑战，译者要在自身符号学与语言学体系中以及文化环境中将以上各方面要求协调起来。

No additional data for frequency tracking are need, but higher estimation accuracy and low computational complexity can be obtained. Finally, a kind of optimizing joint algorithm for symbol timing, frequency synchronization and channel estimation is proposed. The false alarm probability and miss detect probability of the symbol timing are derived. We proved that the time－frequency offset domain random sequence sliding in the frequency offset direction is orthogonal with the original random sequence, and proposed a new integer frequency offset estimation algorithm. The coarse estimation methods for fractional frequency offset both in AWGN and multipath channels are proposed too.

最后，提出了一种优化的符号同步、频偏估计和信道估计的联合算法，推导了符号同步方法的虚警概率和漏检概率，给出了随机序列在时间－频率偏移域沿频率偏移方向滑动后与原序列近似正交的证明，提出了一种新的在时间－频率偏移域沿频率偏移方向进行滑动相关估计整数频偏的方法，提出了在AWGN信道和多径信道下进行小数频偏粗估计的方法，给出了小数频偏细估计的ML估计结果和利用频域PN序列取值特性的简洁的信道估计结果。

With available research results of semeiology theory go into signs pictogram, made a induction and classification of theory based on semeiology.

本文的研究试图通过对导向图示的研究背景及发展历史的梳理，对意义传达的图形表达方式做了一番介绍性的探究；运用"符号学"理论的研究办法，将国内外现有研究成果引入导向图示的研究，对其做了一次基于符号学理论的归纳和分类。

Systematic analysis has done out with research method of semeiology.

用符号学的研究方法对导向图示做出了有系统的分析，对图像性、指示性、象征性等导向图示的意义传达方式做出了基于符号学基础上的阐释；对基础的导向图示的设计做了较为细致的分析；对导向图示的创作步骤做了分节研究；对导向图示商业化和个性化的优秀范例做了调查例举；对导向图示的新使命做出了自己的结论

Comedy expression shows a combination of happiness, wisdom and thought, and enriches and turns present arts expression.6. As value identity sign in temporal society, sublime in China's teleplay is endowed uncopied modern meaning by consumed background.

喜剧的表现方法呈现了乐感与机智、反思相结合的超越方式，并以喜剧范式中的闯入式结构和肯定性的喜剧人物的塑造，丰富和扭转了崇高既有的艺术表现方式。6、中国电视剧中崇高，作为世俗社会的价值认同符号，消费语境也赋予了崇高不可复制的当代意义：首先，在商品社会中，崇高是因为缺席，成为了消费的内容，并以仪式化的方式构成了一种具有召唤能指的文化符号。

This high-class mobility represents the taste space and life style by coffee chain shops. Through the coffee clustering direction to visit the city leisure experience, may divide the scatting tastespace into banding and bulk and dot by the views of horizontal vertical points. It also will become a brand symbol for visiting this city, such as Starbucks which is the most visible consuming symbol in the elegant shopping space. Aslong as the Starbucks spreading its brand through the media, the Starbucks soon will be becoming a symbol for consumer in daily shopping area.

这种高级化品味的流动呈现於连锁咖啡馆的空间胃纳以及咖啡生活节奏，经由都会咖啡族群在流动中的城市悠游体验，进而可将品味空间分为水平向度的带状、块状与垂直向度的点状空间型态，成为一个由品牌符号所构成的城市品味空间，其中以全球连锁咖啡品牌Starbucks的精品空间符码最为显要，其藉由媒体之全球扩散，成为一种都会日常生活的符号消费场域。

First of all, the evaluation system of hotel servicescape is composed of 11 key factors which are safety functions, socialized surroundings, ambient conditions, general functions, Internet facilities, upholstering levels, symbolic images, atmosphere of culture, spatial layouts, location, and architectures. Secondly, customer demands for function of physical is more exigent than demands for spiritual aesthetics. Thirdly, customers have the lowest satisfaction with formalistic imitations, Internet services and entironment of upholstering materials of luxury hotels in Taizhou. Fourthly, the customer satisfaction can be effectively increased by improving the hotels' socialized surroundings, general functions, Internet facilities and upholstering levels. Finally, the satisfaction and repurchasing desires of customers are influenced by general functions, upholstering levels, Internet facilities, socialized surroundings and symbolic images.

通过实证分析，本文得出了五个基本结论：(1)饭店服务环境评价体系由11个关键要素组成，包括：安全功能、社会化环境、潜在环境、基本功能、网络功能、装修水准、符号标志、文化氛围、空间布局、地理环境和饭店建筑；(2)顾客对实用物质功能性的需求比精神审美的需求迫切；(3)顾客对饭店建筑的简单模仿、网络功能的服务提供、装修材料的环保等方面最不满意：(4)社会化环境、基本功能、网络功能、装修水准等4个要素的改善将有效提高顾客的满意度；(5)影响顾客满意与重购意愿的5个要素是基本功能、装修水准、网络功能、社会化环境以及符号标志。

Akkadian scribes wrote the language using cuneiform script, an earlier writing system devised by the Sumerians using wedge-shaped signs pressed in wet clay that in Akkadian could represent either Sumerian logograms (i.e. picture-based characters as in Chinese), Sumerian syllables, Akkadian syllables, and phonetic complements.

阿卡德的抄写员用楔形文字的字体来记录，是一种源自苏美尔人的较早期的书写体系，是把楔形的符号印入湿润的粘土上，这样阿卡德语就可以表现为四者其一：苏美尔语的语标符号（也就是以图画为基础的字符，就像中国文字一样）；苏美尔语的音节；阿卡德语的音节；还有文字的声旁。

Firstly it deals with the phenomenon as how the Chinese logographs have been functioning as a cross-cultural mediator between Chinese and Japanese regardless of their respective historical changes as well as the environmental influences on the two languages. In Western, written signs are generally considered an instrument for recording spoken languages.

我们以汉语中的日语借形词做为观察对象，从宏观的认知符号学角度去探讨这种非语音的文字符号，如何跨越历史的演变以及空间的迁移，在不问断的语言内部结构与外在环境造成的变化之中、依然做为两种截然不同语言文化之闻思想交流的中介，并且成为两种语言共有共享的、对外在世，口说的语言才是真正的语言，文字只是记录语界的认知媒介。

Finally, we offer a method to reduce shift communication. In chapter 5, we invent a method based on linear inequalities representation to perform communication optimization and code generation. This method eliminate the restrictions on processable program placed by RSD based method used by RICE Fortran D Compiler or Symbolic Set based method used by PARADIGM Compiler.

第五章提出了一种以线性不等式组作为工具的更加实用化的通讯优化和结点代码生成方法，该方法克服了RICE大学实现FortranD编译器使用的基于规则段描述子的方法以及PARADIGM编译器使用的基于符号集的方法对输入程序的诸多限制，避免了复杂的规则段运算和符号集运算及其造成的无效性，拓宽了可处理的程序类，增强了编译器的处理能力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。