符号的

It can be concluded from the above analysis that at the beginning of language, simple linguistic signs, coming from sound imitation, natural exclamation and morphological stimulation, took a strong feature of iconicity, while arbitrariness still existed to a little extent. With time going by, the primitives had to create more linguistic signs to meet their needs of survival and development, so that they arbitrarily related the sound patterns and concepts to conventionalize them as linguistic signs adopted in the whole society. During this period of time, arbitrariness played a more important role, while iconicity still worked as phenomena of phonaesthesia designate. With society developing, human beings found that it was not enough to create new signs at will, so they began to make use of some principles like compound, derivation, etc. to form new linguistic signs, either simple or complex. The linguistic signs formed during this period of time always took a better disguise to be iconic, while no one until now could defuse the contributions of arbitrariness of their formation. From the above investigations, it can be seen that arbitrariness and iconicity interact in the whole process of language development at the level of lexicon. If there were no arbitrariness, human language could not expand at the very beginning.

因此可做如下推论：在语言产生之初，简单语言符号的产生常常都是有理据的、象似的，但是仍不排除任意性的作用；后来有理据的词无法满足人们生存和发展的要求，人们开始任意地连接声音形象和概念，并约定俗成获得语言符号，此时任意性起主导作用，但是象似性在音义关系中对语言符号的产生起着不可否认的作用；随着社会的发展，人们发现这些词已经不再能满足需要，而创造更多的词也不是很可能，所以人们开始采用一些构词法来创造新的语言符号，此时产生的语言符号往往更具象似性，但其核心仍然是任意的。

Analysis for testability is widely used in DFT and test pattern generation, but most testability analysis algorithms have the shortcoming of either inaccuracy or being too complicated. A new method to calculate the signal probabilities of the nodes in IC is pre-sented in Chapter 7 of this dissertation. The signal probabilities by our method is more exact than by the previous ones. A symbol of the signal probability at the fan-out node is created and is propagated to the RFON (Reconvergent Fan-out Nodes). At the RFON, the expression containing the symbol is simplified using the rule which corresponds to the law of identity in Boolean algebra. After the expression is simplified, the symbol is substituted with its numeric value. Theoretical analysis shows that this method is concise and has a low computing complexity.

可测试性分析在可测试性设计和测试生成中都有着广泛的应用，然而大部分的可测性分析方法都存在不精确或者过于复杂的毛病，在第七章中作者提出了一种新的计算IC电路节点的信号概率值的符号算法，该算法得出的信号概率值比用以往的算法法得出的要更准确，也更简洁，针对电路中的扇出节点重汇聚现象，我们在每一个扇出节点定义了一个信号概率的符号，在以后的计算中一直使用该符号参与计算，直到该符号传播至重汇聚处，利用一定的规则把含符号的表达式化简，再将符号的真实值代入，在计算符号概率的过程中定义了一个和布尔代数中的同一律相对应的运算规则，通过该运算规则，使得信号概率的结果更加准确，符号算法具有简洁方便，计算复杂度小的特点 4。

To strengthen mathematical symbol language analogy and symbol's suggesting function, to cultivate students' ability to transfer the mathematical narrative language to mathematical symbol language, to lead students to understand the definition of mathematical symbol and to regulate the writing of symbols will all contribute to developing mathematical thinking.

加强数学符号语言类比和符号提示功能教学，培养学生将数学叙述语言转换成数学符号语言的能力，引导学生正确理解数学符号的含义并规范符号书写，促进学生数学思维的发展。

It discussed the composition law and creation design of modern product symbol,and creatively put forward that the product symbol was composed of the visual symbol,tactual symbol and phonetics symbol.

对现代产品符号的组成规律和创新设计方法进行探讨和总结，创新性的提出产品符号由视觉符号、触觉符号、语音符号组成。

And pragmatic meaning is the meaning built on the relation of signs to the interpreters who use the signs. The present dissertation applies Peirce's triadic division of signs and Morris's three types of meaning to the study of translation.

在将符号的完整意义运用于最重要的符号系统——语言——的研究时，莫里斯把符号的意义区分为三个方面：（1）言内意义，即符号相互之间的关系所体现的意义；（2）指称意义，即符号与所指对象之间的关系所体现的意义；（3）语用意义，即符号与解释者之间的关系所体现的意义。

As a system of symbols, language legitimates itself by means of external communication on the one hand, and creates a cultural semeotic world of its own on the other.

一 网络语言符号的交际形式语言作为一种符号系统它一方面向外部沟通，从而使语言符号自身的合法性得以确立，另一方面作为符号本身创造了属于自己的符号文化世界。

B From the theory of paradigmatic and syntagmatic, we can find that the signs of the postmarks are often fragmentary and singular, but through the system and composition of the signs, we can still generalize a semiotic system of the postmarks as follows: the sign usage can be universally interpreted, though it is seemingly arbitrary.

2从两轴理论分析纪念戳符号，发现虽然纪念戳的符号是零碎的、单独的，但是透过符号的系统及组合，还是可以归纳区分出一个属於纪念戳的符号体系，并且也可以看出符号虽是任意的，但是符号的使用还是有其脉络可循的。

The present article argues that in transliterating a human or geographical name,the original translator who at the surface level appears to be translating the name of the person or place in question and trying to find for him/her or it a set of semantically or phonetically sound target language symbols,is actuall...

本文认为，虽然多数人、地名始译者的初衷大都是为了把源语符号转换成目的语中语义或语音相对应的符号，虽然始译者的本意纯粹是针对符号进行&翻译&工作，但从一个较深的层次来看，始译者真正的工作对象却不是符号，而是在源语中已有一定指称符号的特定的人或地本身，这就意味着：在任何人、地名翻译中，始译者在客观上实施着对特定的人或地进行跨语种的重新命名，而不是单纯地对有关的人或地的符号形式进行意义或语音的转换，始译者在这个重新命名的过程中所享有的自由度及其各种制约因素共同作用的结果，是人、地名各种跨语种处理形式(包括意译、音译、归化改名和误译等)能够并存的深层原因

An effective algorithm is proposed, which is based on hard-decision for some specially received symbols far away from normal symbols on the constellation. Then according to the distance between received symbols and decoded symbols, the pseudo Log-Likelihood-Ratio is calculated, and taken as the pseudo initialization information for the next iteration.

该算法首先对接收符号星座图中特别奇异点进行硬判决&校正&，然后利用接收符号和译码判决符号在星座图中的距离，在每次迭代前计算符号的伪似然比，作为下次迭代的伪初始信息。

The paper designs a flow of work, in which the user reads symbolic library XML document from distributed symbolic library, manages these symbols by visualization management tool, saves all classes of symbols XML document fragment and transforms into SLD document, realizes interactive mapping by dint of integrated application between OGC SLD and OGC WMS.

设计了由从分布式符号库读取符号库XML文档并以利用可视化管理工具进行符号的管理，存储为各种符号XML文档片断转换为SLD文档，通过OGC SLD与OGC WMS的综合应用于交互制图的工作流程。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了