符号学

The basic types of symbol rhetoric methods and the characteristics of each type were introduced based on semiotic theory. The practical applications of rhetorical methods were analyzed with cases. The functions of rhetorical methods in product design were discussed.

从符号学理论的修辞方法出发，详细介绍了符号修辞方法的基本类型以及各类型的特征；通过案例分析符号修辞方法的具体应用，阐述符号修辞方法在产品设计中的作用。

The task of translation is as follows: First, an understanding of the cultural and experimental worlds that lie behind the original act of speaking or of writing, ways into their schemata. Second, an understanding of the potential of the two semiotic systems in terms of their image-making. Third, a making intelligible of the linguistic choices expressed in the message. Fourthly, an opportunity to explore the social psychological intentions of the originator of the message matched against one's own. Lastly, a challenge to match all of these with our appropriate response in our semiotic and linguistic system, and our culture. Traditional translation theory also presented means of differentiating and categorizing translation types, including metaphrase, imitation and paraphrase.

翻译的任务是：首先，要理解隐藏在原文中的现实世界及其文化内涵；其次，要理解两种不同语言中的不同符号学体系下的潜在意象；第三，要从语篇的信息中了解其所反映的语言学方面的选择；第四，要探究原文作者与译者自身在社会心理方面的不同倾向；第五，翻译也是一种挑战，译者要在自身符号学与语言学体系中以及文化环境中将以上各方面要求协调起来。

The task of translation is as follows: First, an understanding of the cultural and experimental worlds that lie behind the original act of speaking or of writing, ways into their schemata. Second, an understanding of the potential of the two semiotic systems in terms of their image-making. Third, a making intelligible of the linguistic choices expressed in the message. Fourthly, an opportunity to explore the social psychological intentions of the originator of the message matched against ones own. Lastly, a challenge to match all of these with our appropriate response in our semiotic and linguistic system, and our culture. Traditional translation theory also presented means of differentiating and categorizing translation types, including metaphrase, imitation and paraphrase.

翻译的任务是：首先，要理解隐藏在原文中的现实世界及其文化内涵；其次，要理解两种不同语言中的不同符号学体系下的潜在意象；第三，要从语篇的信息中了解其所反映的语言学方面的选择；第四，要探究原文作者与译者自身在社会心理方面的不同倾向；第五，翻译也是一种挑战，译者要在自身符号学与语言学体系中以及文化环境中将以上各方面要求协调起来。

Design of kiosk regarded as sign system is proposed. The method of newspaper kiosk design based on the theory of syntagma and paradigm in semiotic and the theory of segment and syntax regulation, is set up.

提出了将报刊亭作为符号系统进行设计的思想，分别给出了符号"分节"理论，符号"组合／聚类"理论及符号语法、语义规则在报刊亭设计中的应用方法，总结出了基于符号学理论的报刊亭设计新方法的优势。

In other words, a mythological doxa has been created: denunciation, demystification, has itself become discourse, stock of phrases, catechistic declaration; in the face of which, the science of the signifier can only shift its place and stop further on - no longer at the dissociation of the sign but at its very hesitation: it is no longer the myths which need to be unmasked (the doxa now takes care of that), it is the sign itself which must be shaken; the problem is not to reveal the meaning of an utterance, of a trait, of a narrative, but to fissure the very representation of meaning, is not to change or purify the symbols but to challenge the symbolic itself.

面对这些，符号的科学性只能改变自己的位置，并阻止进一步发生，不再在分离的迹象，而是对它深表迟疑。它已不再是需要被揭示的神话，它本身是标记，定会被动摇；问题不是去揭露话语、特征、叙事的含义，不是改变或净化象征符号，而是区分这种代表性含义。这样，符号学发现自己在心理分析方面和它有共同之处：后者开始变得必需，通过画出符号列表。

Thus, this paper starts with the ontogenesis of TV symbolic system and attempts to draw an outline for television symbolic system, on the basis of the research achievement of symbology, linguistics and aesthetic psychology. Furthermore, it also discuss what kind of television symbols have the function of review and how this symbols organized and structure together, in order to fulfill the process of review in purpose.

本文从电视符号体系的本体论入手，借鉴符号学、语言学、审美心理学的研究成果，论述电视述评的传播符号和话语系统，并在此基础上具体研究哪些电视符号能够承担评论功能，它们又是如何组织、结构来完成论说的过程，实现&说理&目的的。

Founder of American practicalism and semiotics, C.S Pierce identifies three categories of signs: icon, index and symbol.

美国现实主义和符号学的创立者皮尔斯，把符号分了三种：象似符号、标记符号和象征符号，他认为能指和所指之间所存在的自然关系叫做象似性。

The dissertation thinks that Lotman's theory of the cultural semiotic poetics not only has inherited Saussure's tradition of structuralism linguistics, but also initiative has absorbed Pierce's semiotic theory cream, and has come true to exceed two big semiotic tradition in Europe and America.

论文认为，洛特曼的文化符号诗学理论不仅继承了索绪尔结构主义语言学的传统，而且还主动吸收了皮尔斯符号学的理论精华，并在一定程度上实现了对欧美符号学两大传统的超越。

In view of the status that a confused application of codes happened in the area of semeiology, and to differentiate the difference between periodical code and its language and photo codes, the author plans to use the concept of "sign and code" to describe specially the commercial code which circulates in the contemporary social culture and co-use with media symbol.

这充分体现出本文独特的文化观察视角。鉴于符号学中各符号概念之间的混用情况，并区分期刊符号与其使用的语言、图像等媒介符号之间的差别，笔者拟用符码概念，专门指称在当下社会文化背景中流通的，与媒介符号套合使用的产品符号。

The application of the semiology theory in interesting product design was discussed with basic principle of semiology and relevant knowledge of symbol communication and cognition.

综合考虑符号学基本原理，符号的传达和认知等相关知识，来讨论符号学理论在趣味性产品设计中的应用。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。