竞技

Using the way of document and logical analysis,the author deeply analysis the plan of our country's competitive callisthenics development,the result show that the content of nowadays development is suitable to our development situation and characteristic is a fast way,but the same time.We can see the problem of the slowness of our country's women sporters,so the author show some ways and suggestion to there problems.

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法，对我国竞技健美操现行发展战略内容进行深入分析，结果表明：现行发展战略内容的制定符合我国竞技健美操发展现状和特点，是我国竞技健美操项目走向世界的一条捷径，同时也暴露出我国女性运动员竞技水平发展滞后的问题，笔者就此提出了解决方案与建议。

The "dithyramb′ s spirit"is the typical token of the west sports culture , the "Phoebus′spirit"is true portray of Chinese ancient sports culture.

摘 要：古希腊奥林匹克运动是西方竞技体育的发源，中国古代体育是中国传统竞技体育的始端，"酒神精神"是西方竞技体育文化的典型表征，"日神精神"是中国古代竞技体育文化的真实写照。

Can see the tournament athletics to the cultural influence in athletics in campus from the tournament athletics to have the important meaning in the aspects of training student dissolving into modernly socially livingly, its purpose is for increasing to the worth a cognition in athletics in tournament, make contest the athletics can promote the cultural health in athletics in campus development more availably.

从竞技体育对校园体育文化的影响可以看出竞技体育在培养学生溶入现代社会生活方面具有重要意义，其目的是为了提高对竞技体育价值的认识，使竞技体育能更有效地促进校园体育文化的健康发展。

The main negative environmental factors have variation among different sports events.

对影响我国高水平运动员出国参赛的环境因素分析结果显示，因所参加的具体赛事不同、项目不同、运动员的个人特点，出国参赛环境因素对运动员的竞技状态或参赛结果可能是促进作用、阻碍作用；对我国高水平运动员出国参赛竞技状态影响较大的劣性环境因素是：语言、时差、旅途、饮食、赛期饮食、赛期语言，对各项目运动员出国参赛竞技状态影响较大的劣性环境因素不尽相同；出国参赛环境因素对运动员竞技状态的影响呈阶段性变化的趋势；影响我国高水平运动员的主要劣性环境因素在项群上、性别上、比赛经验上呈明显差异。

by analyzing internal and exterior factors working on the validity of professional sports service production institution, the paper concludes that on the one hand, with ectogenic, compellent, defective structure low maneuverability and human degree in the chinese professional sports production institutions, which result in low validity of professional sports production institution in china; on the other hand, for the whole nation systems and common property right dominated by china government, china economy systems' transition, confucian culture that pays more attention to academic knowledge, whereas despise on physical force, which greatly influence the efficiency of professional sports service production institution.

摘 要：通过分析影响竞技体育生产制度有效性的内在因素和外部因素，得出：一方面，中国竞技体育生产制度由于其外生与强制性、制度结构欠缺、可执行性程度低、人性化程度差等原因导致其制度有效性低，另一方面，中国政府主导的&举国体制&和竞技体育的公共产权、中国经济体制转轨、&重文轻体&的儒家文化极大地影响竞技体育生产制度效率的发挥。

Skill-mental dominated event-group has characteristics what are polarizing frighten goal and fluctuating variation course. 6 Coaches and athletes must insist on the principles that is comminuting of judging accurately and intervening in good time, perspective with getting practical to combine together, timeliness and synchronous combine together, controllability and principle that substantial results combine together.

影响竞赛过程中运动员竞技能力变异的众多因素可聚合为以下四个相对独立又相互联系的子系统，即：运动员的竞技状态与相对竞技实力、参赛认知水平与比赛经验、可逆转环境和中立环境。4运动员竞技能力的参赛变异具有变异成因的多元性和多变性、变异内容体能的先导性、变异过程的可控性与非可控性、变异结果的两极性和层次性和参赛行为的心态易变性等五个方面的一般训练学特征。5体能主导类项群具有变异结果直观性、变异过程连续性和对手制约两重性等特征；技能主导类项群具有单项贡献制约性、个体变异传递性和裁判评定诱导性等特征；技战能主导类项群具有群体整合共生性、核心技战术制导性、攻防转换制约性和局盘赛点突增性等特征；技心能主导类项群具有目标恐惧极化性和变异过程波动性等特征。6教练员、运动员必须坚持准确判断和适时干预相结合、前瞻性与务实性相结合、适时性与同步性相结合、可控性与实效性相结合的原则。

The authors of this paper pointed out the followings: there is no intrinsic certain relation between these two issues; we should neither discuss the hazards of using stimulants to physical and mental health and the harm of competitive sports to the body, psychology and morality of the athletes at the same level, nor con-sider that the hazards brought by using stimulants to the healthy development of sports are as equally bad as the phenomenon of unfairness existing in the development of competitive sports and the phenomenon of science and technology "dissimilating" competitive sports; the fundamental goal of prohibiting the use of stimulants is to main-tain the spirit of fair competition of competitive sports.

研究指出，两者之间没有什么内在的必然联系；不能将使用兴奋剂对身心健康的危害与竞技体育对运动员身体、心理、道德等方面的伤害放在同一层面讨论，也不能将使用兴奋剂给体育健康发展带来的危害与竞技体育发展中存在的不公平现象、科技使竞技体育的&异化&现象相提并论；禁止使用兴奋剂的根本目的是维护竞技体育的公平竞争精神。

via their study the authors considered that it is lacking in logical reasoning for the authors of the paper titled on the return of competitive sports to their game playing nature - thoughts inspired by stimulant prohibition to further draw such a conclusion as the nature of competitive sports being game playing from their analysis of the hazards of using stimulants.the authors of this paper pointed out the followings: there is no intrinsic certain relation between these two issues; we should neither discuss the hazards of using stimulants to physical and mental health and the harm of competitive sports to the body, psychology and morality of the athletes at the same level, nor consider that the hazards brought by using stimulants to the healthy development of sports are as equally bad as the phenomenon of unfairness existing in the development of competitive sports and the phenomenon of science and technology "dissimilating" competitive sports; the fundamental goal of prohibiting the use of stimulants is to maintain the spirit of fair competition of competitive sports.

兴奋剂事件有隐情？摘要：研究认为《论竞技体育的游戏本原回归——由禁用兴奋剂引发的思考》由分析使用兴奋剂的危害入手，进而提出&竞技体育的本原是游戏&这一论断缺乏逻辑推理。研究指出，两者之间没有什么内在的必然联系；不能将使用兴奋剂对身心健康的危害与竞技体育对运动员身体、心理、道德等方面的伤害放在同一层面讨论，也不能将使用兴奋剂给体育健康发展带来的危害与竞技体育发展中存在的不公平现象、科技使竞技体育的&异化&现象相提并论；禁止使用兴奋剂的根本目的是维护竞技体育的公平竞争精神。

via their study the authors considered that it is lacking in logical reasoning for the authors of the paper titled on the return of competitive sports to their game playing nature - thoughts inspired by stimulant prohibition to further draw such a conclusion as the nature of competitive sports being game playing from their analysis of the hazards of using stimulants.the authors of this paper pointed out the followings: there is no intrinsic certain relation between these two issues; we should neither discuss the hazards of using stimulants to physical and mental health and the harm of competitive sports to the body, psychology and morality of the athletes at the same level, nor consider that the hazards brought by using stimulants to the healthy development of sports are as equally bad as the phenomenon of unfairness existing in the development of competitive sports and the phenomenon of science and technology "dissimilating" competitive sports; the fundamental goal of prohibiting the use of stimulants is to maintain the spirit of fair competition of competitive sports.

研究认为《论竞技体育的游戏本原回归——由禁用兴奋剂引发的思考》由分析使用兴奋剂的危害入手，进而提出&竞技体育的本原是游戏&这一论断缺乏逻辑推理。研究指出，两者之间没有什么内在的必然联系；不能将使用兴奋剂对身心健康的危害与竞技体育对运动员身体、心理、道德等方面的伤害放在同一层面讨论，也不能将使用兴奋剂给体育健康发展带来的危害与竞技体育发展中存在的不公平现象、科技使竞技体育的&异化&现象相提并论；禁止使用兴奋剂的根本目的是维护竞技体育的公平竞争精神。

Chinese sports professionization falls behind a lot contrast with the developed country Seeing that the condition of our country,most Chinese sports items haven't transformed through the original system to the profession system, the heavy responsibility of constructing the 21C sports project drops to the two kinds of systems Under the great environment of the sports developing, people has been considering the development of the Chinese sports, and expound various kinds of concepts The most projecting one among them is that the "whole national system "is the result of the planned economy, so it has to be reformed; The"whole national game system" does not accord with the developing demand of the market economy, and it should be banned, etc Furthermore, everything should be in accordance with the functioning means of the market economy Whatever country, they combat putting into practice of "admimstrational monopoly", as "monopoly" brings "looking for hireing" and "corruption", it nips the contest in marketplace.

我国由于受体制、经济条件等多方面因素的影响，竞技运动职业化相对于发达国家落后了很多。鉴于我国国情。我国大部分竞技项目还没有能从原有体制向职业化体制转换过来，这就使我国建设21世纪体育工程的重任落在两种制度上。在这样一个竞技体育发展的大环境背景下，人们对中国竞技体育的发展进行了思考，提出了各种各样的观点，其中，最为突出的是，认为中国的&举国体制&是计划经济的产物，必须进行改革：&全运会制度&不符合市场经济发展的要求，应该取缔等，一切都应该按照市场经济的方式来进行运作。任何一个国家，都反对实行&行政垄断&，因为&垄断&带来的是&寻租&、&腐败&，是对市场竞争的扼杀。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷