竞价

Firstly, after the analysis on probability distribution of GenCos' bidding results, a concept of bid acceptance probability distribution function of GenCos is proposed; then based on the features of bidding structure in day-ahead and real-time markets, a multi-objective bi-level programming bidding strategy model in day-ahead and real-time markets for GenCos is built for electricity markets in which the step-wise bidding function and pay-as-bid settlement protocols are utilized; and then in order to solve the proposed model an algorithm based on Monte Carlo method and genetic algorithm is designed; finally, the simulation of numerical examples are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed model and algorithm.

首先在分析了发电商竞价结果的概率分布之后，提出了发电商竞价成功概率分布函数的概念。然后基于日前和实时市场中投标结构的特点，针对采用分段报价和按报价结算(pay as bid price，PAB)方式的电力市场，建立了日前和实时市场中发电商的多目标二层规划竞价策略模型，并设计了以蒙特卡罗方法和遗传算法为基础的求解算法。最后采用算例对所提出的模型和算法进行了仿真验证。

Auction is the one-way and competitive game. Alienator only offers the lowest price, while Consignee determine the acquisition price.

要约收购是一种典型的一对多的博奕，收购方决定单一价格，上市公司股东有选择权，而没有定价权；协议收购属于场外交易一对一的情况，通过谈判确定收购的最终价格；场内收购价格是证券交易所集中连续交易价格，收购者决定权为是否在当前价格收购；拍卖收购是是多对一、竞价形成、不完全单向的逆向收购行为，拍卖方提供收购底价权，多个竞价者通过竞价最终确定收购价格。

In either case of the typical daily load and weekly load, block bidding and hourly bidding are compared. The results indicate that, in contrast to hourly bidding, block bidding decreases the market payment and improves market efficiency, and the clearing prices are more stable.

以典型日和典型周负荷为例，对分段竞价和分时竞价进行了比较，结果表明，分段竞价降低了市场购电费用，市场效率提高，市场出清价较分时竞价更加平稳。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对"厂网分开，竞价上网"的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了"厂网分开，竞价上网"电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

The notarial deed that Baidu refers is reached to flow is being registered on net of user of system of rank contest price " Baidu user serves a contract (Baidu contest price ranks a contract)" content undertook notarization, the proof registers system of rank contest price successfully to must be nodded anthology " I already was read declare and accept Baidu user to serve a contract " option, and appellee yellow dimension gets referred Baidu to open mail and rank of Baidu contest price to manage a system to print show its had become what rank of Baidu contest price serves to register an user, accordingly " Baidu contest price ranks a contract " the component that relevant content should make bilateral right obligation concern.

百度提交的公证书对排名竞价系统用户网上注册流程及《百度用户服务合同》的内容进行了公证，证明成功注册排名竞价系统必须点选"我已阅读申明并接受百度用户服务合同"选项，而被上诉人黄维领提交的百度开通邮件以及百度竞价排名管理系统打印件表明其已经成为百度竞价排名服务的注册用户，因此《百度竞价排名合同》的相关内容应成为双方权利义务关系的组成部分。

Visa, science and technology development Co, LTD Customer manager upervisor October 2006 to March 2008 Working location: xian Job responsibilities and performance: Customer manager marketing 6 number subordinates Mainly responsible for yahoo search for promotion and web hosting, domain name registration, suppositional mainframe, Responsible for employee training, orientation, regional sales team in the audience of the product sales plan and customers, Meeting with the marketing process design and implementation, Sales: Shaanxi worker international travel service website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Poly million rosefinch international website construction site construction and multiplex domain registration of space Xian yuan and magnetic power limited company yahoo search for Xian fujian Lin sports Co, LTD, yahoo search for Xian Orient enterprise yahoo search for Xian metal Co, LTD is explained.the long website construction and yahoo search for Xian hualong chemical Co, LTD. Yahoo search for Xian han hospital website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Xian made mountain hospital website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Xian of technology Co, LTD BaoLin plant construction site construction site and the domain name registration of space Xian whoa outdoor shop website construction site construction and the domain name registration of space Beijing phoenix 42 ° hot yoga website construction and the domain name registration of space ... Education background Renmin university of China 2008 - today gaduate business administration management Airline worker xian university September 2004 - July 2007 E-commerce of management science and engineering college | xian in shaanxi Professional description: Management of electronic Commerce Department Training and experience Product marketing channels June 2008 Training: guanghua school age Training: The methods and channels of product marketing techniques The outstation of Beijing staff Network product sales skills August 2007 Training duration: two months City: xian Training institutions: yahoo's headquarters Training: Network product sales skills and yahoo's search for sales skills and case analysis Yahoo offices all sales.

维萨特科技发展有限公司客户经理/主管 2006年10月- 2008年3月工作地点：西安工作职责和业绩：客户经理|市场部下属人数：6 主要负责yahoo搜索竞价的推广和网站建设，域名、虚拟主机的注册；负责入职员工的培训、团队组建，销售区域内的产品受众客户群的分析及销售计划的制定；会议营销的会以流程设计及组织实施；销售业绩：陕西职工国际旅行社网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册保利万和朱雀国际影城网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安元创磁动力有限公司 yahoo搜索竞价西安闽林康体有限公司 yahoo搜索竞价西安东方木器厂 yahoo搜索竞价西安长太特重金属有限公司网站建设及yahoo搜索竞价西安华隆化工有限公司 yahoo搜索竞价西安秦汉医院网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安立山医院网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安宝林植化科技有限公司网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册西安哇噻户外用品店网站建设网站建设及域名空间的注册北京凤凰42度热瑜伽网站建设及域名空间的注册……教育背景中国人民大学 2008年-今工商管理|管理|本科北京西安航空职工大学 2004年9月- 2007年7月电子商务|管理科学与工程类|大专|陕西西安专业描述：管理工程系电子商务专业培训经历产品渠道营销 2008年6月培训机构：时代光华培训描述：产品渠道营销的手段及技巧北京分部全体人员网络产品销售技巧 2007年8月培训时长：两月城市：西安培训机构：雅虎总部培训描述：网络产品销售销售技巧及雅虎搜索竞价等销售技巧及案例剖析雅虎综合区全体销售

The reporter enters the webpage of inquiry contest price of Baidu, input in column of inquiry contest price " cure is venereal ", appeared to be opposite " cure is venereal " many 100 company that this keyword has contest price, rank of the 5th is hospital of this pinchbeck army -- the website that always joins management to ensure ministry hospital, its contest price is clicked for every pay 16.56 yuan.

记者进入百度的查询竞价网页，在查询竞价栏里输入"治疗性病"，便出现了对"治疗性病"这个关键词进行竞价的100多家企业，排名第5的正是这家冒牌部队医院——总参管理保障部医院的网站，其竞价为每点击一次支付16.56元。

Second, the distributions of the two series are both non-normal, and one series from auction mechanism has peaker mountaintop and fatter tail than the other series from continuous order-driven mechanism. Third, the auction will bring more noise in terms of stock yield, and demonstrate more deviation in the random walk in the market efficiency model.

第二，通过两种交易制度得到的两个股票收益序列的分布都是偏正态的，并且从集合竞价得到的序列比从连续竞价得到的序列尖峰厚尾；第三，集合竞价产生的股票收益比连续竞价产生的股票收益有更大的噪音，对市场有效假说的随机游走形式更大的偏离。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对&厂网分开，竞价上网&的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了&厂网分开，竞价上网&电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

Still have a case, the site did not enter home page, discharge the front row of the 2nd page that searching a result namely, and the client that makes price of this word contest is not much, be in commonly 10-13, once contest price client renounces the contest value of this word, or contest price cost is gone, charge a cost not in time, contest price pauses, snapshot site enters search result home page, reach fixed day number, it is an enterprise kind site (the site that blame and Baidu have collaboration or the) of industry station and so on, criterion this site information by v, send sale department.

还有一个情况，站点未进入首页，也就是排在搜索结果的第二页前列，而做该词竞价的客户不多，一般在10-13位，一旦有竞价客户放弃该词的竞价，或者竞价费用用完，未及时充值，竞价暂停，快照站点进入搜索结果首页，达到一定的天数，又是企业类站点(非与百度有合作的站点或者行业站之类的)，则该站点信息被调出，发送营销部门。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。