立法者的

Here the counsel in his wig and gown, and here the old Jew clothesman under his dingy tiara; here the soldier in his scar let, and here the undertaker's mute in streaming hat band and worn cotton glove s; here the scholar, fumbling his faded leaves, and here the scented actor, dang ling his showy seals. Here the glib politician, crying his legislative panaceas; and here the peripatetic Cheap Jack, holding aloft his quack cures for human ills. Here The sleek capitalist, and there the sinewy labourer; here the man of sc ience, and here the shoe black; here the poet, and here the water rate collect or; here the cabinet minister, and there the ballet dancer. Here a red nosed p ublican, shouting the praises of his vats; and here a temperance lecturer at fif ty pounds a night; here a judge, and there a swindler; here a priest, and there a gambler. Here a jewelled duchess, smiling and gracious; here a thin lodging house keeper, irritable with cooking; and here a wabbling, strutting thing, tawdry in paint and finery.

这里既有头戴假发、身穿礼服的法律顾问，又有头缠肮脏毛巾的老年犹太成衣商；这里既有一身红军装的士兵，又有戴着飘带帽子和旧棉手套的送丧吹鼓手；这里既有动作笨拙的学者，翻阅着他那发黄的书页，又有香气袭人的演员，炫耀着华丽的豹皮大衣；既有圆滑的政客，叫喊着立法万能，又有徒步游历的江湖小贩，高举着他那骗人的狗皮膏药；这里既有油嘴滑舌的资本家，又有身强力壮的雇佣工；这里既有科学家，又有擦鞋匠；这里既有诗人，又有收水费的人；这里既有内阁部长，又有芭蕾舞演员；这里既有自夸其酒好的糟鼻子酒商，又有每夜50镑报酬的戒酒宣讲者；这里既有法官，又有骗子；这里既有神父，又有赌徒；这里既有珠光宝气的公爵夫人，笑容可掬，雍容华贵，又有厌倦了烹调、瘦骨嶙峋的客栈老板；这里还有浓妆艳抹、趾高气扬的货色。

The subject of this seminar was divided into six sessions which were(1)clean technology and legislation update;(2) cleaner production through advanced process control;(3)beamhouse pollution control:practical views;(4)practical experiences in environmental management;(5)effective chrome tanning and (6) pollutioncontrol in leather finishing.

会议收集了22篇来自制革者和可能对制革清洁技术提出建设性意见的优秀论文。会议所分六个专题报告都取得圆满结果，这六个专题是：1。清洁技术和最新立法；2。通过先进的工艺控制进行清洁生产；3。准备工段污染控制：实际展望；4。环境管理中的实践经验；5。有效的铬鞣；6。皮革涂饰中的污染控制。

His reason for bring forward this Motion now was, that he had a strong conviction that capital punishment was inexpedient and unnecessary; that it did not ensure the purposes for which it was enacted; that it was unjust in principle; that it involved not unfrequently the sacrifice of innocent human life; and further, that it afforded an escape for many guilty of atrocious crimes.

他现在提出这一动议的原由是，他坚信死刑是不适宜的与不必要的；死刑没有确保其通过立法而存在的初衷的实现；死刑大体上是不公正的；死刑并非不经常地涉及对无辜的生命的牺牲；更有甚者，死刑促成了许多罪大恶极者逍遥法外。

Worse, organised retailers must leap over as many as 33 regulatory hurdles, from signboard licences to anti-hoarding measures, before they open their doors. If they want to move goods out of some states, they must pay an exit tax. If they want to bring goods into others, they must pay an entry tax. Sometimes they must pay taxes, called octroi , even to move goods within a state.

对于组织零售者来说，更麻烦的地方在于单单是想敲开政府大门就需要逐一通过33道立法障碍，从招牌执照的申请到反囤积法案；跨省的货物运输需要支付额外的出省税、入省税；有时候甚至是在省内运输都要支付一种叫做Octroi的税金。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

Earlier this year a former director-general of Italy's industrialists' association, and one of Libertà e Giustizia's first trustees, complained that Italy had just endured five years of lawmaking merely to legalise illegalities.

今年早些时候，一位意大利工业领导人联合会的前任会长，他同时还是&正义与自由&组织的早期捐助者，抱怨说：5年来，意大利的立法过程，其实就是将本来不合法的项目合法化的过程。

Others, representing the safer, more conventional wisdom, will insist that all the constitutional compromise on slavery—the omission of abolitionist sentiments from the original draft of the Declaration, the Three-fifths Clause and the Fugitive Slave Clause and the Importation Clause, the self-imposed gag rule that the Twenty-fourth Congress would place on all debate regarding the issue of slavery, the very structure of federalism and the Senate—was a necessary, if unfortunate, requirement for the formation of the Union; that in their silence, the Founders only sought to postpone what they were certain would be slavery's ultimate demise; that this single lapse cannot detract from the genius of the Constitution, which permitted the space for abolitionists to rally and the debate to proceed, and provided the framework by which, after the Civil War had been fought, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments could be passed, and the Union finally perfected.

其他人则表现出更保守、更传统的明智，坚持认为所有对奴隶制度在宪法上的妥协——在《独立宣言》，《五分之三条款》，《逃奴条款》和《进口条款》的原始草案中缺乏废奴主义者的意见和看法，第24届美国国会常常在所有关于奴隶制度问题的辩论中，自己强加给自己规定，要求限制这方面的言论自由。联邦制度和参议院的构成体系是一个必要的联邦组成机构；创建宪法者没有对此发表意见，他们认定奴隶制度终究会终结，而他们只是试图寻求推迟这个进程；这一个小小的失误并不能贬低《美国宪法》的本质，它也为废奴主义者提供了重整旗鼓的空间，使得争论得以继续下去，而且提供了立法框架，通过这个框架，在美国南北战争结束后，第十三、第十四、第十五宪法修正案得以通过，我们的联邦最终得到了完善。

Should a civil servant who inquests by torture bear compensation liability to the aggrieved person? Many legislations show their affirming attitudes on it, such as England, America, France, and Taiwan District of our country.

在刑讯逼供者是否应当向受害人承担损害赔偿责任的问题上，许多国家和地区的立法持肯定态度，如英国、美国、法国及我国台湾地区。

The worriers have not spent these resources idly.Rather, they have produced the first widespread legislative and

担忧者没有花费这些空闲的资源，相反，他们产生了第一部广泛的立法和外交成果，对准了包括科学进展的这部分。

To deal with vote-buying, we must pass legislation and other measures to block access to the expected illegal economic interests, increase irregularities cost, clean up the electoral environment, and improve the village-level democratic governance systems.

要治理贿选，必须通过立法等措施来阻断贿选者对获取非法经济利益的预期，加大违规成本，净化选举环境，完善村级民主治理的各项制度建设。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。