立法者的

Baha'is recognize Baha'u'llah "as the Judge, the Lawgiver and Redeemer of all mankind, as the Organizer of the entire planet, as the Unifier of the children of men, as the Inaugurator of the long-awaited millennium, as the Originator of a new "Universal Cycle, as the Establisher of the Most Great Peace, as the Fountain of the Most Great Justice, as the Proclaimer of the coming of age of the entire human race, as the Creator of a new World Order, and as the Inspirer and Founder of a world civilization.

巴哈教徒承认巴哈欧拉"作为法官，立法者和全人类的救世主，因为主办单位的整个地球，作为统一的儿童的男子，因为Inaugurator期待已久的千年之际，作为发端的一个新的"通用周期，作为创办人的大部分伟大的和平，因为喷泉的大部分伟大的法官，因为Proclaimer未来的年龄，整个人类，作为创作的一个新的世界秩序，并作为鼓动和方正的世界文明。

Secondly,* The legislative, or supreme authority, cannot assume to itself a power to rule by extemporary arbitrary decrees, but is bound to dispense justice, and decide the rights of the subject by promulgated standing laws, and known authorized judges: for the law of nature being unwritten, and so no where to be found but in the minds of men, they who through passion or interest shall miscite, or misapply it, cannot so easily be convinced of their mistake where there is no established judge: and so it serves not, as it ought, to determine the rights, and fence the properties of those that live under it, especially where every one is judge, interpreter, and executioner of it too, and that in his own case: and he that has right on his side, having ordinarily but his own single strength, hath not force enough to defend himself from injuries, or to punish delinquents.

第二，立法权力或最高权力，不能自认为是通过即兴的肆意的法令来统治的权力，而只能局限于衡量正义（衡量罪行与惩罚是否相当，衡量伤害与补偿是否相当），并由公布的恒定法律和已知被授权的法官来裁定臣民之间的权利：因为自然法并非成文，所以只能在人们的思想中找到它们，在没有设立法官的地方，由于人们充满了激情或利益的考虑便会错误引证或应用自然法，从而就不能那么容易的确定他们的错误了：这样一来立法权力就不是服务于——它本来应该如此——裁定权利，保护生活于其下的臣民的财产，特别是在他自己的事件中，每个人都是审判者，解释者和执行者：有权利的一方，通常仅仅只能依靠他自己的力量，没有足够的力量来保护自己免于伤害，或者去惩罚犯罪者。

Baha'is recognize Baha'u'llah "as the Judge, the Lawgiver and Redeemer of all mankind, as the Organizer of the entire planet, as the Unifier of the children of men, as the Inaugurator of the long-awaited millennium, as the Originator of a new "Universal Cycle, as the Establisher of the Most Great Peace, as the Fountain of the Most Great Justice, as the Proclaimer of the coming of age of the entire human race, as the Creator of a new World Order, and as the Inspirer and Founder of a world civilization.

巴哈教徒承认巴哈欧拉&作为法官，立法者和全人类的救世主，因为主办单位的整个地球，作为统一的儿童的男子，因为Inaugurator期待已久的千年之际，作为发端的一个新的&通用周期，作为创办人的大部分伟大的和平，因为喷泉的大部分伟大的法官，因为Proclaimer未来的年龄，整个人类，作为创作的一个新的世界秩序，并作为鼓动和方正的世界文明。

That the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as well as ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and through all time: That to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves and abhors, is sinful and tyrannical; that even the forcing him to support this or that teacher of his own religious persuasion, is depriving him of the comfortable liberty of giving his contributions to the particular pastor whose morals he would make his pattern, and whose powers he feels most persuasive to righteousness

那些世俗和教会无信仰的自以为是的立法者和统治者，他们本身不过是常犯错误和缺乏圣灵之人，却自以为可掌管他人的信仰，将他们自己的意见和思维模式作为唯一正确无误的东西而强加于他人，自古以来在世界绝大部分地方建立和维持的只是虚假的宗教而已：强迫一个人捐钱用以广传他不相信甚至憎恶的观点，是有罪和专横的；还在他自己所属的宗教中强迫他支持这个或那个牧师，而剥夺他将自己的捐助心情舒畅的捐给那个特定的牧师的自由，这个牧师的道德他欲引以为学习的楷模，这个牧师道德的力量他感觉最具正直的说服力

That the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as well as ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and through all time: That to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves and abhors, is sinful and tyrannical; that even the forcing him to support this or that teacher of his own religious persuasion, is depriving him of the comfortable liberty of giving his contributions to the particular pastor whose morals he would make his pattern, and whose powers he feels most persuasive to righteousness; and is withdrawing from the ministry those temporal rewards, which proceeding from an approbation of their personal conduct, are an additional incitement to earnest and unremitting labours for the instruction of mankind

那些世俗和教会无信仰的自以为是的立法者和统治者，他们本身不过是常犯错误和缺乏圣灵之人，却自以为可掌管他人的信仰，将他们自己的意见和思维模式作为唯一正确无误的东西而强加于他人，自古以来在世界绝大部分地方建立和维持的只是虚假的宗教而已：强迫一个人捐钱用以广传他不相信甚至憎恶的观点，是有罪和专横的；还在他自己所属的宗教中强迫他支持这个或那个牧师，而剥夺他将自己的捐助心情舒畅的捐给那个特定的牧师的自由，这个牧师的道德他欲引以为学习的楷模，这个牧师道德的力量他感觉最具正直的说服力；同时夺走了这位牧师应得的世俗报酬，而牧师们正是通过这些人们赞许的表示而继续从事他们身体力行的牧养，这些报酬可以鼓励更多的为人类教育而热忱并不懈的工作

I think that something similar has led people who no longer hope to control the legislatures to look to the courts as expounders of the constitutions, and that in some courts new principles have been discovered outside the bodies of those instruments, which may be generalized into acceptance of the economic doctrines which prevailed about fifty years ago, and a wholesale prohibition of what a tribunal of lawyers does not think about right.

我想类似的事情使那些不再希望控制立法机构的人把法院当作宪法的阐释者，且有些法院在这些法律文件之外发现了新的原则；它们可被归纳为接受在50年前流行的经济理论，并全面禁止一个由律师组成的法庭认为是不对的东西。

The article analyzes the special history background of the Taiwan Relations Act; the process of making the act, point out the common and disagree of the decision-makers; the contents of the act, inquiry into the lawgivers position on the Taiwan issue; Combines with the inter law and the international law to analyze its law position.

本文拟以马克思主义的唯物史观为指导，运用历史学、政治学、法学等学科的知识和方法，分析该法案出台的特殊历史背景；并通过对法案出台过程的分析，指出美国的决策者在这个问题上的共识和分歧：结合该法案的内容，探讨美国立法者在台湾问题上所采取的立场；同时从美国国内法和国际法的角度来分析该法的法律地位。

Yet by studying the ratio and scope rule of quorum in the Standing Committee of the People's Congress, it is discovered that the quorums of presence and voting are not set up scientifically, as a result, the voting result can not reflect the majority consent of all legislator when absent rate is high, or certain legislative members waive in voting, or these two things happen together.

然而，由于我国人大常委会的出席法定人数和表决法定人数的配合及其范围规则和比例规则的配合存在缺陷，因而在缺席人员较多、投弃权票较多或缺席者加弃权者较多的情况下，现行统计表决结果的规则不能够保障立法表决结果真实反映立法机关全体组成人员的多数意见。

I know from experience: as a reporter in Tokyo I once attended a whale food festival ― there were whale noodles, whale sashimi, fried whale, whale on crackers ― put on by Japanese whaling industry lobbyists for the country's legislators.

我是从经验中得知的：作为东京的一名记者，我曾出席了一个鲸鱼美食节：在那里，有鲸鱼面、生的鲸鱼片、炸鲸鱼、带有鲸鱼肉的饼干等等，这些都是日本捕鲸业的游说者为该国的立法者准备的。

Article 8 The laws previously in force in Hong Kong, that is, the commonlaw, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislationand customary law shall be maintained, except for any thatcontravene this Law, and subject to any amendment by the legislatureof the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第八条 香港原有法律，即普通法、衡平法、条例、附属立法和习惯法，除同本法相抵触或经香港特别行政区的立法机关作出修改者外，予以保留。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。