立法机关

This is China's legislative and law-enforcement and regulatory agencies is a new challenge.

这对于中国的立法和执法监管机关来说是新的挑战。

It is the focus of the world's attention from legislative bodies, judicial organs andCriminal Law researchers because of its harmfulness and offensiveness on modern society.

因其对社会巨大的危害性和整体冲击性，当前已成为世界各国立法、司法机关和刑法理论研究者所共同关注的热点问题。

It is the focus of the worlds attention from legislative bodies, judicial organs andCriminal Law researchers because of its harmfulness and offensiveness on modern society.

因其对社会巨大的危害性和整体冲击性，当前已成为世界各国立法、司法机关和刑法理论研究者所共同关注的热点问题。

However, the lack of legislative support and practicable criteria has made the supervision but a rubber stamp.

立法规定的欠缺和实务中的不规范，使得检察机关的立案监督权难以落实，刑事个案的立案监督流于形式。

Although there are no unified regulations on VOM in China now,the practice expresses that there are similarity and commonality on the scope,condition and process of VOM through out the locals, which lay the foundation for the legislate.

虽然目前尚缺乏有关刑事和解的统一法律规定，但检察机关适用刑事和解的实践表明，各地在刑事和解的适用范围、条件、程序等方面都存在着共通性和相似性，从而为立法上确立刑事和解制度奠定了基础。

The legislation on the procedure of trial can help every party exerting his function and make sure the adjudgement department using their judicial power properly,carrying out the policy of "wheen and scrupulous killing" earnestly.

审判程序是对死刑裁决权、适用权的制约，通过死刑案件审判程序的立法，使控诉、辩护、审判各种职能充分发挥，保证审判机关能够在兼听则明的基础上，正确行使审判权，贯彻少杀慎杀的死刑政策。

Through comparing the opinions of different scholars it illustrates the author"s comprehension towards the concept of law explanation and focuses on the principle of it, namely the principles of law objectivity, legitimacy and rationality.The second section of this paper introduces the meaning of the explanation of administrative law and its basic category as well. Firstly, it analyzes academic area"s two riftses toward this concept: the boundary question between legislation explanative and administrative explanation; the question of which is the main principle of administrative explanation and putting forward the concept of it; the illustrations made by special state administration towards the meaning of laws, regulations and rules according to the laws.

首先，分析了学理界关于行政法解释概念的两种分歧：立法解释与行政法解释的界限问题；谁是行政法解释的主体问题，进而给出了行政法解释的概念：特定的国家行政机关依法对法律、法规、规章的含义、具体应用和执行等所作的说明和阐释。

At present, because there is no unified legislation on administrative enforcement, administrative organs at all levels in our country basically carry out administrative enforcement on their own understanding in their practical administrative management, which tends to cause impropriate administrative enforcement implement, not only the interests of the citizen, legal representative or personal rights and financial rights of other organizations are infringed upon, but also the authority and image of the gove...

当前 ，由于我国没有行政强制的统一立法，国家各级行政机关在具体的行政管理实践中基本是依据自身的理解来行使行政强制措施，往往造成运用行政强制措施不当，既损害了公民、法人或其他组织的合法的人身权利和财产权利，又损害了政府的权威和形象，引发了许多行政诉讼案件。本文就行政强制的基本内涵及其实施条件、程序等问题进行初步探讨。

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

International rule of law involves two aspects:" nternational good law"and" lobal good rule" however, contemporary international law has not attained these two standards.

国际法治分为&国际良法&和&全球善治&两个方面，但是当代国际法还远没有达到这两个标准，存在着国际法不成体系、规避国际法、司法体制的选择性、国际立法的导向性、国际行政机关的弊病等多方面的问题。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。