立法机关

In the interest of obtaining juridical redress when infractions occur, and for the sake of adapting the development of socialistic market economy, in the domain of legislation and to be established in the situation of China, a suit of system of civil action and the procuratorial organs' instating common pleas is to be set up to endue the procuratorial organs' with finite civil instating authority, which on one hand answers the demands of consummating jural supervising system, and in the other hand the exigent require of keep irregularity within limit.

为了使公共利益受到侵害时获得司法救济，适应我国社会主义市场经济的发展，必须立足于我国的国情，从立法上建立一套我国的民事诉讼制度。建立我国检察机关提起民事诉讼的制度，赋予检察机关一定范围内的民事起诉权，这既是完善法律监督制度的需要，也是遏制现实生活中针对国家和社会公共利益的民事违法行为的迫切要求。

So the civil disputes mediated by police organs should be classified into two kinds: those caused by crimes and those are of common cases. Therefore, it is suggested that the legislation and special rules be made respectively so as to improve the police organs legal effect of the mediation for the civil issues resulted from the crim...

应在立法上将公安机关调解的民事纠纷分为因违法犯罪引起的民事纠纷和一般民事纠纷两类，并分别作出专门规定，以提高公安机关对违法犯罪行为引起的民事纠纷的调解的法律效力，明确公安机关调解一般民事纠纷的范围、原则、程序、效力

Through analysis and arrangement, the main points are listed as the following: First, the rule of power allocation of corporate organs related to compulsive rules should be directly manipulated under law, and those related to "autonomy of will" should be dealt with constitution mandated by the conference of shareholders, which should be stated clearly by law; Second, referring to the content of power allocation of corporate organs, the due difference allocation should be made for limited liability companies and joint stock limited liability companies respectively; Third, the law should confirm the theoretical and practical significance of the expansion of powers of the board of directors, which means division and re-arrangement of the company's powers; Forth, legislation should limit the dominant shareholders' rights in order to secure the automatic ability of company and improve the environment of corporate governance.

本文通过分析整理，得出主要观点如下：（1）公司机关权力配置规则，涉及属于公司"强行性"的规则应由法律直接规制，而属于"任意型"或"赋权型"的规则，可由股东大会授权以章程的形式解决，法律应明确确立该形式的合法地位；（2）针对公司机关权力配置的内容，法律应分别在有限责任公司和股份有限公司之间合理配置和差别配置；（3）董事会权力的扩大是公司权力的分化和权力内容的重新组合，法律应肯定其积极的实践意义和理论意义；（4）立法应限制控股股东的权力，充分保证公司的自治能力，从而改善公司治理结构环境。

The proposed negotiation mechanism between the expropriator and the expropriated is not operable under the current system.

我国由行政机关单方面界定公共利益的规定存在弊端，理论倡导各级代议机关确定公共利益的做法不符合我国立法国情，建立征收人与被征收人的协商机制在现有制度下不具有实践的可操作性。

However, the current system of criminal expert evaluation in China has a crucial problem, which in some degree affects the fairness of justice. In the relevant legislation of China, the start-up rights of expert evaluation are totally under the control of investigative organizations and judicial organizations. The experts of criminal expert evaluation under above-mentioned organizations result in the deficiency of the ability of the evidence and the effects of the evidence. Under such circumstance, the manifoldness and dispersion of the system of criminal expert evaluation in theory change into unification and centralization.

但是，我国现行的刑事司法鉴定制度存在严重问题，并在一定程度上影响了司法公正，在我国的相关立法中，鉴定启动权完全掌控在侦查机关和司法机关，刑事鉴定人身份机关化使刑事鉴定的证据能力和证据效力存在缺陷，刑事司法鉴定体制由理论上的"多元"和"分散"异化为实践中的"一元"和"集中"。

Judicial powers have vested in many federal and state administrative agencies and such agencies and such agencies also frequently issue rules and regulations which are legislative in character The Senate acts as a judicial body when it tries impeachments of public officers Finally ,courts have promulgated codes of pleading and procedure .which are manifestly legislative in character ,and commonly fashion case law which governs future cases just as clearly as would explicit acts of legislation .

联邦和各州的许多行政机关被赋予了司法权。因此，这些机关往往也了发布规则和法则，从而这种活动就具有立法的性质了。参议院在审理弹劾公务员案件时又是作为司法机关在行事了。最后，法院也颁布了关于辩论和程序的规定（那很明显是属于立法性质的）。而且通常还形成了与有明文规定的立法文件同样明确地适用于今后案件的案例法。

Municipal reformers also fought hard to obtain home rule and an end to legislative interference in municipal administration.

市政改革者为获得地方自治和结束立法机关对市政的干涉，也进行过艰巨的斗争。

The legislative assembly in the Australian Capital Territory, the region comprising Canberra, passed its Civil Unions Act last month, giving formal recognition to same-sex partnerships.

上个月澳大利亚包括堪培拉在内的首都行政地区立法机关通过了民事结合关系法案，给予了同性恋关系以认可。

In some countries, the congress is composed of a Senate and House of Representatives.

有些国家的立法机关由参议院和众议院组成的。

Bronislaw Komorowski, who is acting president by virtue of his position as speaker of the lower house of parliament, the Sejm, is also the Civic Platform candidate.

暂履总统职的波兰众议院，即色姆的下级立法机关，议长科莫罗斯基先生，也是公众议坛党的候选人。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。