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According to induced response method, the expression in frequency domain of pressure response at the end of pipeline is derived using impulse response method and convolution theorem. The expression indicates that that transfer function is only related to the characteristics of pipeline system and the Fourier transform of flow variable only depends on the operating characteristics, and the pressure response in frequency domain is linear with the Fourier transform of flow variable.

基于激励响应法，应用脉冲响应方法和卷积定理得出了管道末端压力响应在频域中的表达式，此式表明：传递函数只与系统的特性相关，流量变量的傅立叶变换只与操作特性相关，且压力频域响应与流量变量的傅立叶变换为线形关系，根据此式在理论上能够得到管道泄漏点的重要信息。

Standpipe is an important gas pipeline facility. The article describes the ideas and methods of GIS gas standpipe management, and the blue print basis of standpipe data integration application, in order to achieve its information management.

立管是燃气管网的重要设施，文章叙述了基于GIS的燃气立管管理的思路与方法，以及在此基础上对立管数据综合应用的方案，从而实现对立管设施的信息化管理。

The gas-phase flow characteristics of gas-solid two-phase flow in standpipe were investigated under negative pressure gradient.

对负压差立管内气固两相流的气相流动特性进行了分析，并基于滑落速度与空隙率的线性关系，建立了立管内气相速度的计算模型，给出了气体流量与相关参数的关联式。

Next,three aspects were considered as key technology and research challenges of bascule bridge deck surfacing here,development on light paving material and research on thin deck surfacing system,numerical simulation of the mechanical properties of bascule bridge deck surfacing based on long cantilever structure and contact behaviors between interfaces,bonding layer material testing.

在介绍国内外立转开启式桥梁桥面铺装研究现状的基础上，从轻质铺装材料开发和薄型铺装结构研究、基于大悬臂结构和界面接触特性的力学性能数值模拟、黏结层材料试验3个方面阐述了立转开启式桥梁桥面铺装研究的关键技术和难点。

The content involves Digital Filter, Auto Correlation, Cross Correlation, mean and standard deviation, probability density and probability distribution statistic, as well as Auto Power Spectrum based on Fast Flourier Transfer, Correct Power Spectrum, Cestrum and Frequency Response. The Short-time Flourier Transfer and Wavelet Transfer are included in the analysis program.

具体内容包括：数字滤波、时域加窗、自相关计算与互相关处理、均值和方差计算、概率密度和概率分布统计，快速傅立叶变换基础上的自功率谱、互功率谱、频率响应函数、相关函数、倒频谱分析；基于短时傅立叶分析的联合时频分析、小波变换等。

The computational complexity has been reduced about 5 times over against the original one. Moreover, the interpolation and quantization processing of CW is more reasonable; 2. A secondary power normalization algorithm is proposed in this dissertation. This normalization algorithm ensures that the energy sum of SEW and REW is 1. So, the energy ratio of SEW and REW can be achieved only by using SEW energy. This ratio is applied in REW quantization and CW composition; 3. For more efficient quantization for Slowly Evolving Waveform magnitude, Rapidly Evolving Waveform magnitude and power parameters, firstly, by applying the Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth theory, classifiable multi-codebooks method, analysis-by-synthesis approach and so on, a predictive AbS multi-codebooks SEW magnitude quantization scheme is proposed. In the scheme, pitch information is exploited to determine which codebook is searched; secondly, for REW magnitude quantization, this dissertation proposed a DCT-matrix multi-codebooks quantization scheme. The classification in muti-codebooks is based on pitch and quantized SEW power. The multi-codebooks structure may offer more the information in quantization and solve the problem of the bit requirement limits in quantization by consuming some extra storage space; Furthermore, for the switch quantization of CW gain, a new classified parameter is proposed.

本文的主要贡献体现为如下几方面：一、为了减少WI模型的计算复杂度，提出了基于快速傅立叶变换、三次B样条插值和周期延拓技术的特征波形(Characteristic Waveform，CW)表示和对齐的快速算法，与原方法相比，计算量下降到原方法的1/5，同时也使得CW在插值和量化时更合理；二、为了严格保证SEW与REW的能量和为1，提出了一种特征波形的二次功率归一化算法，仅需要SEW能量就可以算出二者的能量比，并可应用到后续的REW的分类量化和CW合成中；三、为了对慢渐变波形(Slowly Evolving Waveform，SEW)幅度、快渐变波形(Rapidly Evolving Waveform，REW)幅度和特征波形功率进行有效量化，本文首先采用临界频带理论、分析合成技术、感觉加权技术以及预测式矢量量化技术，提出了一种基于基音周期分类的SEW分析合成预测式多码书量化方法；其次，本文根据基音和量化后SEW的功率信息对REW幅度进行分类，提出了一种基于离散余弦变换的REW矩阵多码书量化方法。

Based on the Fourierian law and the non-Fourierian thermal wave theory respectively,the distribution and evolvement of the temperature field are obtained.

对每种情况，分别基于经典傅立叶热传导理论和非傅立叶热波理论来计算温度场的分布及变化，并将得到的数值结果进行比较。

At first, setting up the arith relation between the signal input and the signal output of the generalized multi-carrier system of the Discrete Fourier Test spread-spectrum; then setting equilibria parameters of the frequency field equilibria subcarrier of the generalized multi-carrier system of the DFT spread-spectrum according to channel frequency response, channel noise variance and equilibria method; then calculating average power of useful signal, interferential average power between signals as well as noise variance of the generalized multi-carrier system receiving terminal of the DFT spread-spectrum according to the arith relation as well as the frequency field equilibria parameter, and recomputing available signal information noise ratio, so as to calculate the available signal information noise ratio of the generalized multi-carrier transmission system accurately, the method for estimating the available signal information noise ratio can be used for link self-adapting transmission solution of the generalized multi-carrier system based on Discrete Fourier Test spread-spectrum and radio material management.

一种DFT扩频的广义多载波系统的SINR估计方法，其通过首先建立所述离散傅立叶变换扩频的广义多载波传输系统的信号输入输出之间的数学关系，然后根据信道频率响应、信道噪声方差和均衡方法，设定所述DFT扩频的广义多载波传输系统的频域均衡子载波的均衡系数，再根据所述数学关系及所述频域均衡系数分别计算所述DFT扩频的广义多载波传输系统接收端有用信号的平均功率、信号间干扰的平均功率以及噪声方差，再计算有效信干噪比，如此以实现对广义多载波传输系统的有效信干噪比的准确计算，该有效信干噪比估计方法可用于基于离散傅立叶变换扩频的广义多载波传输系统的链路自适应传输方案和无线资源管理方面。

During Beijing car was exhibited 2008, appeared on the net " little sister of the most beautiful cleaner " card, content is the record that a netizen films secretly the girl of a clear pure beauty is exhibited in the car on the photograph that holds the position of clean job, this is to stand 2 " take young woman secretly " one of series.

基于对&三情&原则的把握，立二在网络上又打造出一个&最美清洁工妹妹&。2008年北京车展期间，网上出现了一个&最美清洁工妹妹&的帖子，内容是一位网友偷偷拍摄的纪录一个清纯美丽的女孩在车展上担任清洁工作的照片，这是立二&偷拍年轻女性&系列之一。

Three new fringe subdivision methods are first proposed opposing to the restrictions of the traditional subdivision methods. They are fringe subdivision method based on self correlation coefficient, fringe subdivision method based on gene algorithm and fringe subdivision method based on Fourier-transform.

本文针对传统软件细分方法的局限性，首次提出了三种新的条纹细分方法：基于自相关系数的条纹细分法、基于遗传算法的条纹细分方法和基于傅立叶变换的条纹细分方法。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失