窦的

The response to isoproterenol and electrical stimulation of myocytes both in the coronary sinus and outside the ostium were studied through standard glass microelectrode technology to investigate the mechanism of ectopia arrhythmia nearby coronary sinus musculature.

第三部分以标准玻璃微电极技术记录并分析犬冠状窦肌肉结构及冠状窦口外右房组织的心肌细胞动作电位特点，并研究各自对异丙肾上腺素和电刺激的反应，以探讨冠状窦附近起源的异位心律失常的发生机制。

A subject was selected strictly from 30 healthy young people through nasal endoscopic examination, acoustic rhinometry measurement and CT scanning. Based on the CT image data of the subject, digital model of normal nasal cavity was reconstructed through Fluent 6.1.22 software. At the same time, according to the surgical requirements of FESS (remove the uncinate process and open the ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus, and sphenoid sinus), post-FESS digital nasal cavity model was simulated. The viscous motion of nasal airflow before and after FESS was calculated by Navier-Stokes equations to compare the differences of airflow velocity, distribution, and pressure.

从30例健康青年人中，通过鼻内镜、鼻声反射测定仪及CT检查，严格筛选出一例研究对象，根据该入选对象的鼻腔CT影像资料，利用Fluent 6.1.22软件重建出正常鼻腔的数字模型，同时根据功能性鼻窦内镜手术的要求（切除钩突，开放筛窦、上颌窦和蝶窦）模拟出鼻内镜术后的鼻腔数字模型，再用Navier-Stokes方程对手术前后鼻腔气流的粘性运动进行数值计算，比较内镜手术前后鼻腔的气流速度、分布和压力的差异。

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

Among the sampling methods used to investigate the pathogens responsible for rhinosinusitis, maxillary sinus puncture is considered to be the gold standard. Although endoscopic middle meatal culture seems to correlate well with the results obtained by maxillary sinus puncture, the reliability of documentation of bacteria by endoscopic culture in children with rhinosinusitis is still unknown. Finally, because studies on current bacterial resistance patterns in pediatric patients are limited, we employed maxillary sinus puncture to obtain sinus secretions for bacterial culture and analysis of antibiotic resistance in children with chronic rhinosinusitis.

关於鼻窦的培养方法，一般而言上颌窦穿刺为公认获得鼻窦细菌培养的准则，虽然证据显示在成人使用内视镜中鼻道培养的结果与上颌窦穿刺所获得的培养结果相关性很高，不过目前儿童使用内视镜中鼻道培养的可信度依然不明，因此我们的研究也比较鼻及鼻窦炎病童上颌窦穿刺与内视镜中鼻道培养的结果，以厘清在儿童使用内视镜中鼻道采样培养鼻窦致病菌的可信度。

A 2. 5～5. 5 MHz transducer was used according to the acoustic depth of the heart examined. Group B was used x-ray fluoroscopy (a Philip mono-rotatable C arm X-ray equipment) as image guide with routine method reported by american college of cardiology cardiovascular technology assessment committee. TTE guiding CSC in site: The guide wire was inserted into left subclavicular vein and inferior vena cava and it was displayed clearly by TTE. The sheath could be displayed clearly too by TTE. CSC was put through the sheath into right atrium in prone position and was thoroughly showed by TTE via untypical parasternal four-chamber view.

本研究对60例心内电生理检查患者，应用TTE作为影像学引导的可行性和临床应用的方法学进行了探讨，并对5只犬TEE引导射频导管消融术时大头电极导管到位的可行性进行了动物实验研究，具体为：(1)专用冠状窦电极导管置放时TTE引导的可行研究；(2)普通电极导管置放时TTE引导的可行研究；(3)专用冠状窦电极导管和普通冠状窦电极导管置放时TTE的对比研究：(4)TTE引导His束电极导管和右室电极导管到位的临床应用研究；(5)TTE在心内电生理检查中的应用研究；(6)TEE引导射频导管消融术大头电极导管到位的实验研究。

Later, under the untypical parasternal four-chamber view which can thoroughly display the ostium of coronary sinus, the catheter was promoted further to the ostium of coronary venous sinus. Then the echocardiography technician adjusted the transducer of TTE in order to thoroughly confirm the position of the catheter tip. After confirming the position of catheter tip in the coronary venous sinus, the operator inserted the catheter into the coronary venous sinus for 3～4 mm farther. It was noted that if resistance was encountered by operator, the operation must be stopped, which was the same as x-ray fluroscopy as image guiding. TTE guiding His bundle elactric cahteter、high right atrium electric cahteter and right ventricular electric catheter in site: It is difficult using TTE singly since there are too many crossroads in inferior venous.

本研究结果显示，(1)单独应用TTE作为影像学引导进行冠状窦电极导管置放的成功率为93.8％～96.7％，并且应用TTE作为影像学引导放置专用冠状窦电极导管和普通电极导管的成功率和放置时间在统计学上无显著差异；(2)TTE作为影像学引导，除过度肥胖患者外，可完全替代X线引导进行冠状窦电极导管置放，包括鞘管和扩张管的放置、指引导丝在静脉而非动脉内的证实均可由TTE完成引导，且较X线C型臂有一定优越性；(3)TTE结合普通X线胃肠透视机作为影像学导引，可顺利完成心内电生理检查时导管的安全到位，而不需昂贵的X线C型臂，可将心内电生理检查扩大到广大的基层医院；(4)TTE较X线更易和更早期发现介入治疗的并发症如急性心包填塞等，对并发症的防治甚至挽救病人的生命至为重要；(5)动物实验研究表明，TEE可引导射频导管消融术时大头电极导管成功到位。

Careful nasal endoscopy and CT should be performed on the patients of nasal sinuitis with deep headache or lateral headache complicated with resorptive bloody sputum.

对有深部头痛或一侧头痛患者伴有回吸性血痰等症状的鼻窦炎患者应进行详细的鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦CT检查，手术中尽量扩大病变的蝶窦开口和上颌窦开口，手术后定期冲洗窦腔是防止复发的关键。

Careful nasal endoscopy and CT should be performed on the patients of nasal sinuitis with deep headache or lateral headache complicated with resorptive bloody sputum. During the surgical operation, doctors need to do their best to enlarge the opening of maxillary or sphenoidal sinus. It is the key to preventing recurrence to rinse the sinus cavity regularly after operation.

对有深部头痛或一侧头痛患者伴有回吸性血痰等症状的鼻窦炎患者应进行详细的鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦CT检查，手术中尽量扩大病变的蝶窦开口和上颌窦开口，手术后定期冲洗窦腔是防止复发的关键。

Results: The distances from the root of columella nasi to the inforior pole of sphenoidal sinus aperture and the sphenopalatine foramen were (60.40±3.21,58.10-72.76) mm and (62.14±1.93,59.50-73.40) mm, respectively.

结果：鼻小柱根部至蝶窦口下极及蝶腭孔的距离分别为(60.40±3.21，58.10~72.76)mm和(62.14±1.93，59.50~73.40)mm；蝶腭孔至蝶窦口下极的距离为(12.20±1.10，8.10~16.35)mm，在蝶腭孔处蝶腭动脉的外径为(1.99±0.13，1.50~2.80)mm；蝶窦口下极至鼻中隔后上动脉及鼻中隔后下动脉的距离分别为3.49±0.24，2.78~5.20）mm和(6.42±1.08，4.30~8.50mm。

Results In the follicles of estrous cycle rat,the signals of MMP 2mRNA were detected in the granulosa cells and thecal cells;w...

结果 在动情周期中，各情期卵巢中卵泡的颗粒细胞和发育良好的卵泡的膜细胞中均可检测到MMP 2mRNA的杂交信号；MMP 9mRNA的表达始于已发育良好的窦前卵泡的膜细胞，此后在小窦状卵泡、窦状卵泡及排卵前卵泡的膜细胞中均检测到MMP 9mRNA的杂交信号。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。