窦

The anterior border of the sigmoid sinus corresponds to the line connecting the mastoid tip with the junction of temporo-squamosal -parietomastoid sutures, and its posterior border to the line connecting the mastoid tip with O point.

通过体表可扪及的外耳道上棘、乳突尖和枕外窿突，可对横窦、乙状窦边界进行体表定位，最大限度避免损伤静脉窦，使入路设计更为安全，术中视野更为开阔。

Methods Twenty-four cases with non-pituitary lesions in sphenoidal sinus and sellar area were analyzed . Eighteen cases were benign, including 7 sphenoidal sinus cyst, 6 craniopharyngioma, 2 chordoma, 1 nasal polyp extending into the sella,1 neuronoma in sella,and 1 pinealoma.

总结分析24例蝶窦鞍区非垂体源性占位性病变，其中良性18例，包括蝶窦囊肿7例、颅咽管瘤6例、脊索瘤2例，鼻息肉伴鼻硬结杆菌感染侵犯蝶窦鞍区、蝶鞍神经鞘瘤、鞍内异位松果体瘤各1例。

The disease is related to obstruction of the antral ostia,hemorrhage into polypoidal mucosal disease or cholesterol precipitation in the walls of antral cyst.

其病因可能源于上颌窦窦口阻塞、粘膜息肉样病变内部出血或上颌窦囊肿囊壁内胆固醇沉积。

Careful nasal endoscopy and CT should be performed on the patients of nasal sinuitis with deep headache or lateral headache complicated with resorptive bloody sputum.

对有深部头痛或一侧头痛患者伴有回吸性血痰等症状的鼻窦炎患者应进行详细的鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦CT检查，手术中尽量扩大病变的蝶窦开口和上颌窦开口，手术后定期冲洗窦腔是防止复发的关键。

Careful nasal endoscopy and CT should be performed on the patients of nasal sinuitis with deep headache or lateral headache complicated with resorptive bloody sputum. During the surgical operation, doctors need to do their best to enlarge the opening of maxillary or sphenoidal sinus. It is the key to preventing recurrence to rinse the sinus cavity regularly after operation.

对有深部头痛或一侧头痛患者伴有回吸性血痰等症状的鼻窦炎患者应进行详细的鼻内窥镜检查和鼻窦CT检查，手术中尽量扩大病变的蝶窦开口和上颌窦开口，手术后定期冲洗窦腔是防止复发的关键。

The anterior part of Rolandic vein (n=1), Rolandic vein (n=3), the posterior part of Rolandic vein (n=2), straight sinus (n=1), straight sinus and sinus confluens (n=1) were embolized. On MRI, gyrus swelling, brain swelling or slight ventriculomegaly, and cerebral hemorrhage (n=2), subdural hemorrhage(n=2) were observed.

Rolandic静脉处栓塞3例，Rolandic静脉后栓塞2例，直窦栓塞1例，直窦和窦汇栓塞1例，MRI显示有不同程度脑回肿胀、脑肿胀或轻度脑室扩大，伴脑出血2例，硬膜下出血2例。

Methods: Lymph nodes of neck in fetus were used as research objects. Lymph nodes dyeing, scanning electron microscopy on lymph nodes and cast of nodal sinus were employed to research the features of sinal structure.

以胎儿颈部淋巴结为研究对象，采用淋巴结窦腔显色观察，淋巴结及淋巴结窦腔铸型体扫描电镜观察，确定淋巴结窦腔结构特点。

Methods The clinical data of 3 cases of kainosinus syndrome following maxillary sinus or sphenoidal sinus surgeries were retrospectively analyzed.

回顾分析3例经上颌窦和蝶窦术后发生空窦综合征患者临床资料。

Six cases were malignant, including 2 malignant neuroendocrinoma in sphenoidal sinus, 1 adenoidocystic carcinoma, 1 sphenoidal sinus low differentiated carcinoma, 1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma extending into sella, 1 lung cancer metastasis to sphenoidal sinus.

恶性肿瘤6例，分别为蝶窦神经内分泌肿瘤2例，腺样囊腺癌1例，蝶窦低分化癌1例，鼻咽癌侵犯鞍区及肺癌蝶窦转移各1例。

Results: The distances from the root of columella nasi to the inforior pole of sphenoidal sinus aperture and the sphenopalatine foramen were (60.40±3.21,58.10-72.76) mm and (62.14±1.93,59.50-73.40) mm, respectively.

结果：鼻小柱根部至蝶窦口下极及蝶腭孔的距离分别为(60.40±3.21，58.10~72.76)mm和(62.14±1.93，59.50~73.40)mm；蝶腭孔至蝶窦口下极的距离为(12.20±1.10，8.10~16.35)mm，在蝶腭孔处蝶腭动脉的外径为(1.99±0.13，1.50~2.80)mm；蝶窦口下极至鼻中隔后上动脉及鼻中隔后下动脉的距离分别为3.49±0.24，2.78~5.20）mm和(6.42±1.08，4.30~8.50mm。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。