窦

Objectives To describe the clinical characteristics and the role of chemotherapy in endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina.

目的探讨阴道内胚窦瘤的临床特点及化疗效果。方法对2例阴道内胚窦瘤进行临床报告及分析。

Accessory nasal cavities with ACC always involved ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinus.

副鼻窦ACC易累及筛窦和上颌窦。

Methods Cross-sectional images between the top layer of ethmoidal sinus and thebottom layer ofmaxillary sinus from the Chinese visible human data setwere reviewed on a section-by-sectionbasis. Three-dimensional computerized reconstruction of the sella turcica and its adjacent structureswere per-formed.

应用中国可视化人体数据集，选取从筛窦上缘到上颌窦下缘的连续断层图像，在计算机上对经鼻蝶入路重要结构的断层图像轮廓进行数据分割、对位重建和三维显示。

This treatment with head mirror according to FESS is a better way then traditional way for single ethmoiditis combined nasal polys,but it is incredible for pansinusitis.

额镜下参照FESS模式进行慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉手术对单纯筛窦炎鼻息肉患者有较好疗效，对多窦病变鼻息肉患者疗效欠佳，优于传统鼻窦手术。

Objective:To study the microstructure of cavernous sinus exposed by different surgical approaches through frontotemporal orbitozygomatic craniotomy and to provide safe operative approaches for direct operation on cavernous sinus.

目的：研究额颞眶-颧弓入路中，海绵窦的不同切开方法对其显微结构的显露，为海绵窦病变的直接手术提供安全手术入路。

Methods: The experimental type Ⅱ diabetic rats were induced by injection of strepiozotocin (STZ, 30mg/kg ) and fed with high fat and high glucose fond. The rats were divided into three groups: a normal conrmal control group, a diabetes group and a treated group. The treated group were hypodermically injected insulin 3U/d at interfemus for 4 months, white DC and NC group were vehicle groups that were treated with the same close saline, By using SABC method, thee express ion of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ in SAN was detected.

高糖高脂饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射(STZ，30mg/kg)制备Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型，并随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病组和胰岛素治疗组（每只3U/d股内侧皮下注射），对照组和糖尿病组注射等剂量的生理盐水每天1次，持续4个月；窦房结组织行SABC法免疫组织化学显色，检测窦房结组织中的Ⅰ型和Ⅲ胶原的表达及变化。

Methods 47 skull base surgery procedures were performed with the help of image navigation. There were 43 cases of sellae hypophyseal adenoma, 1 lateral sphenoidal sinus cyst, 2 sphenoidal sinus osseous tumor and 1 optic canal fracture due to traumatic lesion.

应用Stealth Station影像导航系统经鼻内镜对47例鼻颅底外科疾病患者（43例鞍区垂体腺瘤，1例蝶窦囊肿，2例蝶窦内骨瘤，1例外伤性视神经管骨折）进行手术。

Results The distance from the anterior naris to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was (65.36±3.58) mm and that to the bottom of the hypophyseal fossa was (79.18±3.71) mm.

结果 前鼻孔到蝶窦前壁的距离(65.36±3.58)mm；前鼻孔到蝶鞍底部的距离(79.18±3.71)mm；鼻后孔弓到颅底的距离(21.18±4.31)mm；后鼻孔弓到蝶窦开口的距离(13.22±3.36)mm。

We reconstructed the 3-D and virtual endoscopy image about nasal septum, frontal area of the apertura of sphenoidal sinus, sphenopalatine foramen, sphenopalatine artery and sphenoidal sinus use Volume Rendering, Multiplanar Reformation, Virtual Endoscopy and Curved Planar Reformat, and measured and ,about undertaked The nose, nasal septum, sphenopalatine artery, anterior region of the aperture of sphenoidal sinus, sphenopalatine artery and adjacent structures of hypophysial fossa were dissected, observed, measured and analysised the dependency anatomic structure at the same time.

结果： 一、标本解剖 1、鼻孔长径11.32±0.82(10.2~13.2)mm，鼻孔短径7.85±1.21(5.2~9.8)mm。鼻中隔厚度在前、中、后部分别为5.02±0.42(3.8~5.4)mm、5.57±0.47(4.5~6.4)mm、5.55±0.55(4.8~6.4) mm。 2、鼻中隔骨与软骨交界处距前鼻棘21.26±2.47(18.1~27.6)mm，距鼻孔内侧缘中点33.72±3.52(27.1~40.6)mm，距鼻小柱30.12±2.84(26.9~36.8)mm，距蝶窦口下缘38.04±3.49(32.4~45.1)mm，距后鼻孔41.82±3.96(36.9~50.1)mm。四方软骨中部厚度、边缘厚度、前后径、上下径分别为：1.12±0.13(0.92~1.42)mm、1.28±0.24 (0.83~1.67)mm、30.93±4.52(24.9~40.6)mm、29.94±2.14(24.8~34.3)mm。 3、蝶窦口长5.64±0.39(4.92~5.94)mm，宽3.58±0.22(3.10~3.96)mm，距上鼻甲尾部9.5±0.9(8.5~12.1)mm，距上鼻道未端14.5±1.1(12.5~16.4)mm，距中鼻甲尾

Objective:To provide detailed anatomical data of the theory and practice for endoscopic surgery in the PPF by studying the related applied anatomy of PPF through the lateral wall of the nasal cavity approach of endoscopic middle meatal transpalatine approach、middle meatal transantral approach and inferior turbinectomy transantral approach respectively.

目的：通过鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁中鼻道经腭骨入路、中鼻道经上颌窦入路、下鼻甲切除经上颌窦入路三种手术入路方式对翼腭窝进行相关应用解剖学研究，为临床鼻内镜下翼腭窝手术提供详实的解剖学理论和实践基础。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。